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履帶式高地隙油茶果振動采收機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31971798)、浙江省“領(lǐng)雁”研發(fā)攻關(guān)計劃項(xiàng)目(2022C02057)、浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2019C02065)、浙江省151人才培養(yǎng)計劃項(xiàng)目和浙江省高校中青年學(xué)科帶頭人培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目


Design and Test of Crawler-type High Clearance Camellia oleifera Fruit Vibratory Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對油茶人工采收效率低,勞動力成本大,且油茶果成熟期短、花果同期等問題,設(shè)計了可實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)振動落果和收集的履帶式高地隙油茶果振動采收機(jī)。采收機(jī)采用騎跨式車架沿油茶樹種植行行走,利用曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動多排陣列的指排桿按照一定的運(yùn)動軌跡對樹冠兩側(cè)同時擊打作業(yè),落果通過收集板匯集后輸送到果箱。根據(jù)擊打軌跡對采收機(jī)擊打裝置的曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計,并用ADAMS軟件驗(yàn)證指排架運(yùn)動軌跡。通過ANSYS軟件對擊打裝置機(jī)架和采收機(jī)車架進(jìn)行有限元模態(tài)分析,獲得其前6階固有頻率,確定其不會發(fā)生共振。為接收振動掉落的油茶果,設(shè)計了高低錯落分布的收集板,不僅能接收落果,且能順利避開樹干,實(shí)現(xiàn)整機(jī)在運(yùn)動中完成振動落果和收集作業(yè)。最后,加工裝配振動采收機(jī)樣機(jī),在擊打液壓馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速為360r/min條件下進(jìn)行油茶林地整機(jī)試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,油茶果采收率為87.56%,花苞掉落率為25.86%,滿足油茶果采收要求。

    Abstract:

    Camellia oleifera industry has developed rapidly in China, and the planting scale has increased year by year. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of manual harvesting, high labor cost, short ripening period of Camellia oleifera fruit and synchronization of flowers and fruits, a crawler-type high clearance Camellia oleifera fruit vibrating harvester which can realize continuous vibration fruit dropping and collection was designed. A straddle frame was used to walk along the planting line of Camellia oleifera, and the crank rocker mechanism was used to drive the finger row rods of multi row array to strike both sides of the tree crown at the same time according to a certain motion track. The fallen fruits were collected through the collection plate and transported to the fruit box. According to the hitting track, the crank rocker mechanism of the hitting device of the harvester was designed, and the motion track of the finger frame was verified by ADAMS software. Through the finite element modal analysis of the hitting device frame and harvester frame with ANSYS software, the first six-order natural frequencies were obtained to determine that there would be no resonance. In order to receive the fallen Camellia oleifera fruit, a collection plate with staggered height distribution was designed, which can not only receive the fallen fruit, but also avoid the trunk smoothly, so as to complete the vibration fruit falling and collection operation of the whole machine in motion. Finally, the prototype of vibration harvester was processed and assembled, and the whole machine test of Camellia oleifera forest land was carried out under the condition of hitting the hydraulic motor speed of 360r/min. The test results showed that the average recovery rate of Camellia oleifera fruit was 87.56%, the average drop rate of flower bud was 25.86%, which fitted the requirements of Camellia oleifera fruit recovery.

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杜小強(qiáng),寧晨,賀磊盈,錢寅,張國鳳,姚小華.履帶式高地隙油茶果振動采收機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(7):113-121. DU Xiaoqiang, NING Chen, HE Leiying, QIAN Yin, ZHANG Guofeng, YAO Xiaohua. Design and Test of Crawler-type High Clearance Camellia oleifera Fruit Vibratory Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):113-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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