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黑土區(qū)坡耕地生物炭應(yīng)用模式綜合效益研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51479033)、黑龍江省博士后基金項目(LBH-Z17017)和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效利用重點實驗室開放項目(2017009)


Comprehensive Benefit of Biochar Application Modes on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    為探究黑土區(qū)坡耕地不同生物炭應(yīng)用模式(不同生物炭施用量和施用年限)的綜合效益,以東北黑土區(qū)坡度為3°耕地徑流小區(qū)為研究對象,于2015—2018年,設(shè)置不加生物炭的常規(guī)處理(C0)和生物炭施加量分別為25t/hm2 (C25)、50t/hm2(C50)、75t/hm2(C75)、100t/hm2 (C100)共5個處理,分析不同施炭量以及施炭年限的綜合效益,結(jié)果表明:在生態(tài)效益方面,生物炭能夠有效改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、增強土壤肥力、提高土壤蓄水保土能力,在施炭量為50t/hm2時,連續(xù)施用2年,土壤蓄水保土效果最佳;連續(xù)施用3年,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)最為理想;施炭量為100t/hm2時,連續(xù)施用4年,土壤肥力最佳。在經(jīng)濟效益方面,生物炭能夠有效提高作物節(jié)水增產(chǎn)性能及其經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值,施用1年、施炭量為75t/hm2時,水分利用效率最大;連續(xù)施用2年、施炭量為25t/hm2時,生物炭邊際生產(chǎn)力最大,施炭量每增加1t,產(chǎn)量增加11.20kg;連續(xù)施用3年、施炭量為50t/hm2時,大豆增產(chǎn)效果最佳;連續(xù)施用4年、施炭量為50t/hm2時,收益達到最大。采用改進的模糊綜合評價模型測算不同生物炭應(yīng)用模式的生態(tài)效益、經(jīng)濟效益和綜合效益,結(jié)果顯示,連續(xù)施用2年、施炭量為72.74t/hm2時生態(tài)效益最大,連續(xù)施用3年、施炭量為36.32t/hm2時經(jīng)濟效益最大。黑土區(qū)最佳生物炭施用模式為連續(xù)施用3年,施炭量為62.30t/hm2。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the comprehensive benefits of different biochar application modes (different biochar application amounts and application years) on sloping farmland in the black soil region, a 3° slope farmland runoff plot in the black soil region of Northeast China was taken as the research object, and experimental research was conducted from 2015 to 2018, the conventional treatment without biochar (C0) was set, and the applied amount of biochar were 25t/hm2(C25), 50t/hm2(C50), 75t/hm2(C75), 100t/hm2(C100) to analyze the comprehensive benefits of different amounts of biochar application and the duration of biochar application, the results showed that in terms of ecological benefits, biochar can effectively improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and improve soil water storage and soil conservation capacity. For two years of continuous application, the effect of soil water retention and soil conservation was the best when the amount of biochar applied was 50t/hm2;for three years of continuous application, the soil structure was optimal when the amount of carbon applied was 50t/hm2;for four years of continuous application soil fertility was the best when the amount of carbon was 100t/hm2. In terms of economic benefits, biochar can effectively improve crop water-saving, yield-generating performance and its economic output value. Applied for one year, when the amount of biochar was 75t/hm2, the water use efficiency reached the maximum. For two consecutive years, when the amount of biochar was 25t/hm2, the marginal productivity of biochar was the largest. For each additional ton of biochar applied, the output was increased by 11.20kg. For three consecutive years of application, when the amount of biochar applied was 50t/hm2, the soybean yield was the best;for four years of continuous application, when the amount of biochar applied was 50t/hm2, the return reached the maximum value. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to calculate the ecological benefit, economic benefit and comprehensive benefit of different biochar application models. The results showed that the ecological benefit index reached the maximum value when the biochar application amount was 72.74t/hm2 for two consecutive years of application, the economic benefit index reached the maximum value when the biochar application amount was 36.32t/hm2 for three consecutive years of application. The best biochar application mode in the black soil area was continuous application for three years, and the biochar application amount was 62.30t/hm2.

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劉慧,蘇航,溫小艷,龍學(xué)毅,焦巖,范亞東.黑土區(qū)坡耕地生物炭應(yīng)用模式綜合效益研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(7):325-336. LIU Hui, SU Hang, WEN Xiaoyan, LONG Xueyi, JIAO Yan, FAN Yadong. Comprehensive Benefit of Biochar Application Modes on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):325-336.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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