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基于能量傳遞規(guī)律的油茶樹冠層振動參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)
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安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2208085ME132)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0702105)


Optimization and Experiment of Canopy Vibration Parameters of Camellia oleifera Based on Energy Transfer Characteristics
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    摘要:

    油茶作為中國特有的木本油料作物,在空間上具有復(fù)雜的分枝結(jié)構(gòu),不同品種樹體的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和力學(xué)性能差異明顯。為了研究油茶樹在冠層振動采摘油茶果過程中能量傳遞規(guī)律以及獲得最佳激振參數(shù),本文建立5自由度油茶樹的質(zhì)量-彈性-阻尼動力學(xué)模型并測量和計(jì)算等效參數(shù);以不同激振參數(shù)為輸入,通過Matlab軟件對動力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行仿真,并設(shè)計(jì)二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn),仿真結(jié)果表明,油茶樹各級枝之間能量傳遞過程中損失嚴(yán)重,從激振力所作用的枝條傳遞到路徑末枝時(shí)能量剩余不到20%;且油茶樹各級枝的動能峰值出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間具有滯后性,越靠近激振點(diǎn)的動能峰值出現(xiàn)越早。由于油茶樹各級枝間能量傳遞損失嚴(yán)重,將一棵樹進(jìn)行2~3次振動采摘。利用Design-Expert 11.0.4軟件的優(yōu)化模塊對激振參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化求解,以一部分側(cè)枝動能最大,主干動能最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù)時(shí),最佳振動參數(shù)組合為振動時(shí)間7.14s、振動頻率7.18Hz、振幅52.41mm;通過田間試驗(yàn)對油茶樹能量傳遞規(guī)律進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),能量沿著樹枝內(nèi)部傳遞時(shí)與各級枝之間的傳遞規(guī)律相同,即動能與傳遞距離成反比,傳遞的距離越遠(yuǎn)動能越小。并對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證:田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果的相對誤差在10%以內(nèi),說明該動力學(xué)模型具有較高的可靠性;振動采摘部分的油茶果實(shí)和花苞平均脫落率分別為90.53%、14.39%,采摘效果較好,證明了從能量傳遞角度對激振參數(shù)優(yōu)化的可行性。本文建立的動力學(xué)模型和預(yù)測的最佳振動參數(shù)組合可以為油茶果機(jī)械化采摘作業(yè)的工作參數(shù)設(shè)置提供參考。

    Abstract:

    Camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China. Trees have complex branching structure in space and the morphological structure and mechanical properties of different tree species are different even among the same tree species. In order to study the energy transfer law and optimal excitation parameters of camellia tree during canopy vibration picking, a mass-elasticity-damping model of camellia tree with five degrees of freedom was established, including the trunk of camellia tree, two primary side branches and two secondary side branches. The equivalent parameters were measured and calculated by the rope pull test and logarithmic attenuation method. The simulation block diagram of differential motion equation was established by using Simulink component in Matlab software, and the excitation force under different excitation parameters was used as the input for simulation test. The simulation results showed that the energy loss was 809% during the transfer from the secondary branch C1 to C2, that was, less than 20% of the energy was left when the input branch was transferred to the end branch of the path. From the input position along the transfer path, the time for reaching the kinetic energy peak of each branch was extended once, indicating that there was hysteresis in the energy transfer process. The optimization module of Design-Expert 11.0.4 software was used to optimize and solve the excitation parameters, because of the serious loss of energy transfer between branches of camellia sinensis, a tree was picked by vibration for 2~3 times. When the objective function was to maximize the kinetic energy of some side branches and minimize the kinetic energy of the main trunk, and the optimal combination of vibration parameters was obtained as follows: vibration time was 7.14s, vibration frequency was 7.18Hz, and amplitude was 52.41mm. Under this parameter combination, the kinetic energy of camellia trunk A was 2.59J. The kinetic energy of the first branch B1 and B2 was 15.09J and 9.64J, respectively. The kinetic energy of the secondary branch C1 and C2 was 23.93J and 4.61J, respectively. Field experiments were carried out to verify the simulation results. The results showed that the kinetic energy was inversely proportional to the transfer distance when the energy was transferred along the branches, and the longer the transfer distance was, the smaller the energy was. The closer to the excitation was, the shorter the time to reach the energy peak. There was also a lag in the energy transfer process inside the branches. The mean kinetic energy of trunk A, primary branch B1, B2 and secondary branch C1 and C2 of Camellia oleifera in field experiment were 2.73J, 13.68J, 8.98J, 22.05J and 4.18J, respectively, and the relative errors were 7.34%, 9.37%, 6.81%, 7.86% and 9.39%, respectively. All of them were less than 10%, indicating that the dynamic model had high reliability. The average abscission rates of Camellia oleifera fruits and buds were 90.53% and 14.39%, respectively, and the picking effect was good, and the parameter combination met the requirements of mechanized harvesting. The established dynamic model and the optimal combination of predicted vibration parameters can provide reference for the parameter setting of mechanized Camellia oleifera fruit picking operation.

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伍德林,趙恩龍,姜山,王韋韋,袁嘉豪,王奎.基于能量傳遞規(guī)律的油茶樹冠層振動參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(8):23-33. WU Delin, ZHAO Enlong, JIANG Shan, WANG Weiwei, YUAN Jiahao, WANG Kui. Optimization and Experiment of Canopy Vibration Parameters of Camellia oleifera Based on Energy Transfer Characteristics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(8):23-33.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-06-09
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