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免耕播種機淺旋清茬斜置式防堵裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401-2)和山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(2019JZZY020615)


Design and Experiment of Oblique Anti-blocking Device for No-tillage Planter with Shallow Plowing Stubble Clearing
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    摘要:

    針對黃淮海地區(qū)玉米免耕播種作業(yè)時,過量小麥秸稈殘茬堵塞開溝器的問題,提出一種以撥離殘茬和淺旋根茬形式實現(xiàn)苗床清整的斜置式防堵裝置。通過理論分析對防堵裝置結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行設(shè)計,確定了各參數(shù)的范圍和相互關(guān)系,并根據(jù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)對耕刀撥茬入土和脫茬離土的過程進行受力分析,確定了影響工作性能的因素。運用離散元方法模擬防堵裝置在田間作業(yè)過程,以秸稈清除率、土壤擾動系數(shù)和功耗為評價指標,對裝置傾角、轉(zhuǎn)速和前進速度進行回歸分析和顯著性檢驗,確定了各因素對評價指標的影響及主次順序。通過對回歸模型進行多目標函數(shù)優(yōu)化求解,得到最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:轉(zhuǎn)速400r/min、前進速度6km/h、傾角18.5°,此時秸稈清除率為74.5%、土壤擾動系數(shù)為34.7%、功耗為1.36kW。以優(yōu)化得到的參數(shù)對裝置進行土槽試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:轉(zhuǎn)速為400r/min、前進速度6km/h、傾角18.5°時,秸稈清除率為92.5%、土壤擾動系數(shù)為29.6%、功耗為1.51kW,試驗結(jié)果與仿真試驗優(yōu)化結(jié)果相吻合,滿足設(shè)計要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problem that excessive wheat straw residues blocked the furrow opener in the no-tillage sowing operation in Huang-Huai-Hai region, an oblique anti-blocking device was proposed to achieve the cleaning of the seedling bed in the form of dial-off stubble and shallow rotation stubble. The structural parameters of the anti-blocking device were designed to determine the stubble clearing width, tillage spacing, knife shaft position and inclination range. According to the device structure, the force analysis of the plough blade in the anti-blocking process was carried out to determine the factors affecting the working performance. Through the discrete element simulation of anti-blocking device in the field operation process, taking straw cleaning rate, soil disturbance coefficient and power consumption as evaluation indexes, regression analysis and significance test were carried out on the inclination angle, revolution speed and forward speed of the device, and the influence of various factors on the evaluation index and the primary and secondary order were determined. The order of influence on straw clearance rate and soil disturbance coefficient was inclination angle, forward speed and rotational speed, and the order of influence on power consumption was inclination angle, rotational speed and forward speed. Through the multi-objective function optimization of the regression model, the optimal combination of parameters was obtained as follows: rotational speed of 400r/min, forward speed of 6km/h, inclination of 18.5°, and the straw clearance rate was 74.5%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 34.7%, and the power consumption was 1.36kW. The soil bin test was carried out on the device with the optimized parameters to verify the working performance of the anti-blocking device. The test results showed that compared with the inclination angle of 0°, when the rotational speed was 400r/min, the forward speed was 6km/h, and the inclination angle was 18.5°, the straw clearance rate and the straw side throw were improved, the soil disturbance coefficient was increased, the moving soil rate was increased, the soil backfill rate was decreased, the power consumption was increased, the three-axis resultant force was decreased, and the three-axis resistance was increased. At this time, the straw clearance rate was 92.5%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 29.6%, and the power consumption was 1.51kW. The test results were consistent with the optimization results of the simulation test, which met the design requirements.

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姚文燕,趙殿報,苗河泉,崔培德,魏懋健,刁培松.免耕播種機淺旋清茬斜置式防堵裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(8):42-52. YAO Wenyan, ZHAO Dianbao, MIAO Hequan, CUI Peide, WEI Maojian, DIAO Peisong. Design and Experiment of Oblique Anti-blocking Device for No-tillage Planter with Shallow Plowing Stubble Clearing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(8):42-52.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-10
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