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溫室大棚電驅(qū)氣力式胡蘿卜播種機設(shè)計與試驗
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山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019GNC106056)和國家自然科學基金項目(51775290)


Design and Test of Electric Driving Pneumatic Carrot Planter in Greenhouse
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    摘要:

    目前能適應(yīng)設(shè)施大棚種植條件的小型播種機多采用窩眼輪式排種器,播種精度低,播種質(zhì)量無法實時監(jiān)測。小型氣力式播種機需要配置氣力式排種器和風機,存在動力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計困難、排種穩(wěn)定性差、整機結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、笨重等設(shè)計難題。本文基于設(shè)計的氣吸式排種器,設(shè)計了叉形分種器,實現(xiàn)窄行距精密播種作業(yè);確定油電混合動力系統(tǒng),排種器和風機采用電驅(qū)方式,排種穩(wěn)定性得到了提高。設(shè)計了基于旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器測速的電驅(qū)式胡蘿卜播種機控制系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)以PLC為主控制器,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器采集的前進速度信息實時調(diào)節(jié)排種器轉(zhuǎn)速,實現(xiàn)排種轉(zhuǎn)速與播種機前進速度實時匹配?;趯ι涫骄仃嚬饫w傳感器,開發(fā)了播種質(zhì)量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),解決了小粒徑種子的監(jiān)測問題。通過試驗表明,續(xù)航時間為10h,計數(shù)相對誤差小于等于4.6%,型孔堵塞時能發(fā)出警報提醒;播種株距合格率大于93.7%、漏播率小于等于3.9%、重播率小于2.4%,漏播率檢測誤差小于8.4%,試驗結(jié)果符合國家相關(guān)標準要求及胡蘿卜種植農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    At present, the small planters that can adapt to the planting conditions of the facility greenhouses mostly use the cell wheel seed-metering device, so the seeding accuracy is low, and the seeding quality cannot be immediately known. Small pneumatic planters need to be equipped with pneumatic seed-metering device and fan, while there are design problems such as power system design, poor seed metering stability, complex structure and bulkiness of the whole machine. On the basis of the air suction seed-metering device designed previously, a fork-shaped seed divider was developed to realize narrow row spacing. The seeder would not stray meanwhile working on the ridge because the wheel having a guided effect was designed. Due to the oil-electric hybrid power system, the machine had independent power system, that meant the gas online engine provided seeder driving force as well as the electric offered the seed-metering device and draught fan power. In this way, seeding performance was improved. In terms of automation, the carrot precision seeder system of electric driving was designed based on the speed measurement method of rotary encoder. PLC was the main controller of this system. According to the advance speed message collected by rotary encoder, the speed of seeding was adjusted in real time, as well as realized the real-time matching between the speed of seeding and the advance speed of the seeder. In order to solve the monitoring problem of small grain size seeds, a monitoring system for seeding quality was developed, which can display leaky seeding number and sowing area in real time during operation. Through adopting bijective matrix fiber optic sensor monitoring the flow of seed, counting test proved the counting relative error was not more than 4.6%. On the other hand through the leaky alarm system, it was tested by plugging seed cells artificially. The test results showed that the system can effectively monitor the leakage and meet the requirements of production and use. The rotary encoder was used to measure the speed of the seeder, and the servo motor drived the seeder. The seeding control system adjusted the speed of the seeder, so that the speed of the seeder matched the advance speed of the seeder in real time, so as to realize the uniform sowing distance of the whole plot. The field experiment showed that the endurance of the battery reached 10 hours, the qualified rate of the plant spacing was more than 93.7%, the reseeding rate was less than 2.4%, and the leaky seeding rate was not more than 3.9%. The experimental result met the national relevant criterion whose sowing depth was uniform and averagely 17mm. Compared with several cognate type of carrot seeders, the reseeding rate and the leaky seeding rate were reduced, the sowing quality could be monitored in real time, the monitoring error was less than 8.4%, and the working efficiency and sowing quality were improved.

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王方艷,楊亮,王紅提.溫室大棚電驅(qū)氣力式胡蘿卜播種機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(8):64-73. WANG Fangyan, YANG Liang, WANG Hongti. Design and Test of Electric Driving Pneumatic Carrot Planter in Greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(8):64-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-12-20
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