0.05)。控釋肥施用條件下,不同水氮處理交互作用明顯,控水灌溉限制了氮素利用,充分灌溉條件下向日葵產(chǎn)量、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用效率和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力平均增長(zhǎng)了21.87%、80.89%和21.53%;低氮同樣降低了水分利用效率,從低氮到中氮,向日葵產(chǎn)量和灌溉水生產(chǎn)效率平均增長(zhǎng)了14.83%和15.35%,從中氮到高氮平均增長(zhǎng)了3.86%和3.43%。2年最高產(chǎn)量均為高水高氮處理,分別為3.9435、3.7887kg/hm2??蒯尫适┯脳l件下,灌水量、施氮量與向日葵經(jīng)濟(jì)效益之間符合二元二次回歸模型,2年預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效益決定系數(shù)R2均為0.99,通過主因素分析,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益隨施氮量的增加先增加后減小,通過模擬尋優(yōu)及綜合各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)分析,控釋肥充分灌溉條件下中氮水平經(jīng)濟(jì)效益在18000~21000元/hm2之間,是本試驗(yàn)最優(yōu)處理,在增產(chǎn)的同時(shí)可以減少氮素流失。研究可為河套灌區(qū)向日葵種植、減少農(nóng)田面源污染提供技術(shù)參考。"/>

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干旱鹽漬化地區(qū)控釋肥水氮耦合效應(yīng)與制度優(yōu)化
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內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技重大專項(xiàng)(zdzx2018059)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52079064、51969024)


Coupling Effect and System Optimization of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Water in Arid Salinized Areas
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    為探索鹽漬化地區(qū)控釋肥水氮耦合效應(yīng)及優(yōu)化組合方案,提高水氮利用效率,減少硝態(tài)氮流失,2019年和2020年在河套灌區(qū)開展了控釋肥施用農(nóng)田不同水氮配比試驗(yàn),研究了鹽漬化地區(qū)向日葵產(chǎn)量和水氮利用效率對(duì)控釋肥與傳統(tǒng)肥料的響應(yīng)差異,以及控釋肥不同水氮配比對(duì)向日葵產(chǎn)量和水氮利用效率的影響,構(gòu)建了向日葵經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與水氮交互作用的數(shù)學(xué)回歸模型,并優(yōu)化了水氮組合方案。結(jié)果表明:與傳統(tǒng)肥料相比,控釋肥處理產(chǎn)量、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用率、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力和灌溉水生產(chǎn)效率平均增加了13.89%、46.42%、13.61%和13.62%(P<0.05),收獲指數(shù)差異不顯著(P>0.05)。控釋肥施用條件下,不同水氮處理交互作用明顯,控水灌溉限制了氮素利用,充分灌溉條件下向日葵產(chǎn)量、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用效率和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力平均增長(zhǎng)了21.87%、80.89%和21.53%;低氮同樣降低了水分利用效率,從低氮到中氮,向日葵產(chǎn)量和灌溉水生產(chǎn)效率平均增長(zhǎng)了14.83%和15.35%,從中氮到高氮平均增長(zhǎng)了3.86%和3.43%。2年最高產(chǎn)量均為高水高氮處理,分別為3.9435、3.7887kg/hm2。控釋肥施用條件下,灌水量、施氮量與向日葵經(jīng)濟(jì)效益之間符合二元二次回歸模型,2年預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)效益決定系數(shù)R2均為0.99,通過主因素分析,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益隨施氮量的增加先增加后減小,通過模擬尋優(yōu)及綜合各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)分析,控釋肥充分灌溉條件下中氮水平經(jīng)濟(jì)效益在18000~21000元/hm2之間,是本試驗(yàn)最優(yōu)處理,在增產(chǎn)的同時(shí)可以減少氮素流失。研究可為河套灌區(qū)向日葵種植、減少農(nóng)田面源污染提供技術(shù)參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the salinization area controlled release nitrogen fertilizer coupling effect and optimum combination plan, improve the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen loss reduction, a test of controlled release fertilizer application fields with different water and nitrogen ratios was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Hetao Irrigation District, and the salinization of sunflower water yield and nitrogen use efficiency of controlled release fertilizer and traditional fertilizer were investigated. The effects of different water and nitrogen ratios of controlled release fertilizer on sunflower yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency were explored, and the mathematical regression model of interaction between economic benefit and water and nitrogen was established, and the water and nitrogen combination scheme was optimized. The results showed as follows: compared with traditional fertilizer, yield, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity and irrigation water efficiency of controlled release fertilizer were increased by 13.89%, 46.42%, 13.61% and 13.62% on average (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in harvest index (P>0.05). Under controlled release fertilizer application, the interaction of different water and nitrogen treatments was obvious, and controlled irrigation limited nitrogen use efficiency. Sunflower yield, nitrogen fertilizer agricultural utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity were increased by 21.87%, 80.89% and 21.53%, respectively. Low N also reduced water use efficiency. From low N to medium N, sunflower yield and irrigation water use efficiency were increased by 14.83% and 15.35% on average, and from medium N to high N it was increased by 3.86% and 3.43% on average, respectively. The maximum yields in 2a were 3943.5kg/hm2 and 3788.7kg/hm2 under high water and high nitrogen treatments, respectively. Under the condition of controlled release fertilizer application, the relationship between irrigation amount, nitrogen application amount and economic benefit of sunflower was in line with binary quadratic regression model. The determination coefficient R2 of the predicted economic benefit and actual economic benefit in two years was 0.99. Through principal factor analysis, economic benefit was increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. Under the condition of full irrigation of controlled release fertilizer, the economic benefit of medium nitrogen level was between 18000 yuan/hm2and 21000 yuan/hm2, which was the optimal treatment in this experiment. It can increase yield and reduce nitrogen loss, and provide technical reference for sunflower planting and reducing farmland non-point source pollution in Hetao Irrigation District.

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李仙岳,辛懋鑫,史海濱,閆建文,趙春燕,郝云鳳.干旱鹽漬化地區(qū)控釋肥水氮耦合效應(yīng)與制度優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(8):397-406. LI Xianyue, XIN Maoxin, SHI Haibin, YAN Jianwen, ZHAO Chunyan, HAO Yunfeng. Coupling Effect and System Optimization of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Water in Arid Salinized Areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(8):397-406.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-30
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