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限制充種姿態(tài)-正負(fù)壓式小麥精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300908)和江蘇現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(CX(19)2012)


Design and Experiment of Wheat Precise Seed Metering Apparatus with Positive and Negative Pressure with Function of Limiting Seed Filling Posture
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    摘要:

    針對目前小麥種子尺寸小、形狀不規(guī)則導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)排種器存在漏充率高、充種合格率低等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種限制充種姿態(tài)-正負(fù)壓式小麥精密排種器。排種器基于限制種子充種姿態(tài)的原理,增設(shè)弧形輔助充種板和攪種盤,使種子長軸與型孔長軸近似位于同一平面,在正負(fù)壓良好充種的基礎(chǔ)上獲得更佳的單粒充種性能。通過對充種過程及種子田間分布情況的分析,計(jì)算確定排種器關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):型孔列數(shù)3列,每列型孔個(gè)數(shù)30個(gè),型孔長度8mm、寬度5mm、深度3mm;并采用EDEM軟件進(jìn)行仿真試驗(yàn),確定了弧形輔助充種板的最優(yōu)角度為5°。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用Design-Expert軟件,以型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速、真空度、攪種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗(yàn)因素,以充種合格率、漏充率、重充率為評價(jià)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行三因素三水平二次回歸正交試驗(yàn)。通過構(gòu)建回歸方程及響應(yīng)面數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了各試驗(yàn)因素對排種器充種性能的影響,且對試驗(yàn)參數(shù)進(jìn)行綜合優(yōu)化,確定最佳參數(shù)組合:型孔輪轉(zhuǎn)速66.27r/min、真空度3.52kPa、攪種盤轉(zhuǎn)速52.00r/min,并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,得到排種器充種合格率為92.70%,漏充率為3.47%,重充率為3.83%。該排種器滿足小麥精密播種對排種器的性能要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems that the irregular shape of wheat seeds leads to the high missing rate,low seed-filling qualified rate and difficult precision sowing of the traditional type hole wheel seed metering device under high-speed operation,a limited seed filling posture and combined type of positive and negative air pressure and wheat precision seed metering device was designed. The mechanical model of wheat seed was established by analyzing the movement and force of wheat seed during seed metering. The posture of seed filling was limited and the phenomenon of seed jamming was improved by adding arc-shaped auxiliary seed filling plate and seed stirring plate. The key structural parameters of the seed metering device were designed and calculated by analyzing the seed filling process and the distribution of seeds in the seed ditch,including the diameter of the type hole wheel was 100mm,the length of the hole was 8mm,the width of the hole was 5mm,and the depth of the hole was 3mm,etc. The optimum angle of arcshaped auxiliary seed filling plate was determined to be 5°through the simulation analysis with EDEM software. On the basis of the above research,the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors and three levels was carried out with the rotary speed of type hole wheel,the vacuum degree and the rotary speed of seed stirring plate as the test factors and the seedfilling qualified rate,and the missing rate and the multiple rate as the evaluation indexes. The regression equation between the evaluation index and the test factors was constructed,and the significance of the influence of each test factor on the index was analyzed. By optimizing the test parameters,the optimal parameter combination was obtained:the rotary speed of type hole wheel was 66.27r/min,the vacuum degree was 3.52kPa,and the rotary speed of seed stirring disk was 52.00r/min. Under the conditions of above factors,the test verification was carried out,the seed-filling qualified rate was 92.70%,the missing rate was 3.47%,and the multiple rate was 3.83%. The experimental results showed that there was little difference between it and the optimization results,which showed that the seed metering device could meet the performance requirements of precision sowing for wheat.

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何瑞銀,王建林,徐高明,賀鑫業(yè),段慶飛,丁啟朔.限制充種姿態(tài)-正負(fù)壓式小麥精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(9):39-49,167. HE Ruiyin, WANG Jianlin, XU Gaoming, HE Xinye, DUAN Qingfei, DING Qishuo. Design and Experiment of Wheat Precise Seed Metering Apparatus with Positive and Negative Pressure with Function of Limiting Seed Filling Posture[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):39-49,167.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27
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