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玉米擾動(dòng)輔助充種高速氣吸式排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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中國機(jī)械工業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司重大科技專項(xiàng)(ZDZX2020-2)


Design and Experiment of Corn High Speed Air Suction Seed Metering Device with Disturbance Assisted Seed-filling
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有玉米氣吸式排種器高速作業(yè)引起的種子漏吸,導(dǎo)致作業(yè)效果不佳的問題,通過增大充種區(qū)域,增加排種盤的充種時(shí)間,加強(qiáng)種群離散度,減小吸附壓力,并基于此設(shè)計(jì)一種雙重?cái)_動(dòng)輔助充種高速氣吸式排種器。分析不同高度種層種子的受力平衡方程,計(jì)算擴(kuò)容板位置和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。分析擾種臺(tái)柱和型孔作用下種子運(yùn)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并確定了帶擾種臺(tái)柱的中字型吸種孔排種盤的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。以顆粒瞬態(tài)法向力為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用EDEM軟件仿真分析3種排種盤的擾動(dòng)性能,結(jié)合臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)3種排種盤充種性能,得到所設(shè)計(jì)的排種盤能夠有效加強(qiáng)對(duì)種群的離散,強(qiáng)化排種盤的吸種性能。臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)擾動(dòng)輔助充種高速氣吸式玉米排種器作業(yè)速度為8~10km/h、吸附負(fù)壓為3.0~4.0kPa時(shí),漏播指數(shù)不高于5.1%,重播指數(shù)不大于4.2%,粒距合格指數(shù)不小于94.6%,合格粒距變異系數(shù)不大于15.33%;當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為12~14km/h、吸附負(fù)壓為3.5~4.0kPa時(shí),漏播指數(shù)不高于7.9%,重播指數(shù)不大于1.3%,粒距合格指數(shù)不小于92.1%,合格粒距變異系數(shù)不大于17.67%,高速條件下作業(yè)性能較好,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of poor operation effect caused by seed leakage due to the highspeed operation of the existing corn high speed air suction seed metering device, a double disturbance auxiliary filling high speed air suction seed metering device was designed by increasing the seed filling area, increasing the seed filling time of the seed metering disk, strengthening the dispersion of the population and reducing the adsorption pressure. The stress balance equation of seed layer with different heights was analyzed, and the position and structural parameters of expansion plate were calculated. The mechanical model of seed movement under the action of disturbing seed column and shaped hole was analyzed, and the key structural parameters of seed metering disc with middle shaped seed suction hole with disturbing seed column were determined. Taking the transient normal stress of particles as the evaluation index, the disturbance performance of the three seed trays was simulated by EDEM software, and the seed filling performance of the three seed trays was tested by bench test. The results showed that the designed seed trays can effectively strengthen the dispersion of the population and strengthen the seed absorption performance of the seed trays. The bench test results showed that when the operating speed of the high speed air suction maize seed metering device with disturbance assisted seed filling was 8~10km/h and the adsorption negative pressure was 3.0~4.0kPa, the leakage absorption rate was less than 5.1% and the gravity absorption rate was less than 4.2%, the qualified index of grain distance was greater than 94.6%, and the coefficient of variation of qualified grain distance was less than 15.33%. When the operating speed was 12~14km/h and the adsorption negative pressure was 3.5~4.0kPa, the leakage and absorption rate was not higher than 7.9% and the gravity rate was not higher than 1.3%, the qualified index of grain distance was greater than 92.1%, and the coefficient of variation of qualified grain distance was less than 17.67%. The operating performance was better at high speed, and all the indexes were better than that of the national standard.

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劉瑞,劉忠軍,劉立晶,李鷹航.玉米擾動(dòng)輔助充種高速氣吸式排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(9):50-59. LIU Rui, LIU Zhongjun, LIU Lijing, LI Yinghang. Design and Experiment of Corn High Speed Air Suction Seed Metering Device with Disturbance Assisted Seed-filling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):50-59.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-10
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