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多因子約束的卷簾機揭蓋被決策方法與控制系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFD1100602)、陜西省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021ZDLNY03-02)和中央高?;A研究基金項目(2452020292)


Decision-making Method and Control System for Uncovering/Covering Curtain Based on Multifactor Constraints
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    摘要:

    日光溫室冬季反季節(jié)生產(chǎn)中光照時長與溫度普遍無法滿足作物的生長需求,本文基于作物生長對溫度與光照的需求,以維持溫室溫度平穩(wěn)的光平衡點、夜間最低溫預測模型、經(jīng)驗揭蓋被時間為約束條件,提出了以作物低溫限制點、光補償點、光平衡點與經(jīng)驗揭蓋被時間為約束的揭被決策方法,以及以夜間最低溫預測模型、作物低溫限制點、光補償點與經(jīng)驗揭蓋被時間為約束的蓋被決策方法,在此基礎上,基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡構建了卷簾機決策控制系統(tǒng)。試驗結果表明,本文卷簾機揭蓋被決策方法及控制系統(tǒng)能有效減少43%的低溫發(fā)生率,與經(jīng)驗揭蓋被相比,試驗溫室日光照時長平均延長1.25h,試驗期間累計增加光照時間75.16h,輻熱積增加61.41MJ/m2,有效積溫增加22.28℃,有效提升了溫室熱量積累;試驗溫室番茄植株矮、莖粗大,表現(xiàn)更為健壯,葉長與葉寬的生長速率顯著高于對照溫室,對試驗期間影響較大的第1穗果產(chǎn)量進行統(tǒng)計分析,試驗溫室產(chǎn)量提升30.74%,且第1次收獲時間提前,證明了本文卷簾機揭蓋被決策方法與控制系統(tǒng)能促進作物生長,有效增加番茄的物質積累,為日光溫室卷簾機揭蓋被決策提供了思路。

    Abstract:

    The duration of light and the temperature in winter counter-seasonal production in solar greenhouses are generally unable to meet the growth demands of crops. Based on the temperature and light requirements for crop growth, the light equilibrium point to maintain a stable greenhouse temperature, the nighttime minimum temperature prediction model, and the empirical uncovering/covering time were used as constraints. The method of uncovering decision with the constraints of crop low temperature limitation point, light compensation point (LCP), light balance point and empirical uncovering time, and the method of covering decision with the constraints of nighttime minimum temperature prediction model, crop low temperature limitation point, light compensation point and empirical covering time were proposed. A decision control system for the roller shutter was also constructed based on a wireless sensor network. The results showed that the decisionmaking method and control system of uncovering/covering curtain can effectively reduce the incidence of low temperature by 43%. Compared with the empirical uncovering/covering curtain of the control greenhouse, the daily light duration of the experimental greenhouse was extended by 1.25h on average, and the accumulated light duration was increased by 75.16h, the product of thermal effectiveness and PAR was increased by 61.41MJ/m2, and the effective accumulated temperature was increased by 22.28℃, which effectively improved the heat and light duration of the greenhouse. The tomato plants in the test greenhouse were lower in height, which had thicker stems and performed more robustly, with significantly higher growth rates of leaf length and width than that in the control greenhouse. Statistical analysis of the first fruit yield, which was more influential during the trial, showed that the yield of the trial greenhouse was increased by 30.74%, and the first harvest was earlier. It was proved that the proposed method and control system for decision-making of curtain uncovering/covering can promote crop growth and effectively increase the material accumulation of tomato, which provided an idea for decision making of rolling shutter uncovering in heliostat.

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張軍華,陳丹艷,張仲雄,孫章彤,張明科,胡瑾.多因子約束的卷簾機揭蓋被決策方法與控制系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(9):354-364. ZHANG Junhua, CHEN Danyan, ZHANG Zhongxiong, SUN Zhangtong, ZHANG Mingke, HU Jin. Decision-making Method and Control System for Uncovering/Covering Curtain Based on Multifactor Constraints[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):354-364.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-10
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