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稻油輪作區(qū)鏟鍬式油菜直播種床整備機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000004)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001427)


Design and Experiment of Shovel Type Seedbed Preparation Machine Suitable for Rapeseed Direct Seeding
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    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)土壤黏重板結(jié)、秸稈量大等問題,油菜直播種床整備采用傳統(tǒng)旋耕方式常導(dǎo)致耕層淺、埋茬效果不足和平整度較低的實(shí)際問題,本文結(jié)合油菜種植農(nóng)藝要求,設(shè)計(jì)了主動(dòng)鏟鍬切土、拋土,并集成被動(dòng)式開畦溝、碎土、平整廂面裝置,實(shí)現(xiàn)適宜油菜直播的土壤翻耕、碎土、秸稈埋覆、平整等功能的鏟鍬式種床整備機(jī);根據(jù)鏟鍬入土角、耕深、切土節(jié)距等要求,建立了曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,基于Matlab軟件分析得出曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);根據(jù)鏟尖運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡、切土節(jié)距、溝底凸起高度等要求,確定了左右交錯(cuò)式鏟鍬和螺旋式的曲柄排列方式,開展了機(jī)組運(yùn)行參數(shù)的匹配設(shè)計(jì),得出了機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度vm為0.4~0.5m/s、曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速n為240r/min;同時(shí)開展了土壤被鏟鍬拋出后運(yùn)動(dòng)過程分析,確定了罩殼安裝參數(shù);建立了基于離散元方法的耕作部件-土壤-秸稈相互作用仿真模型,應(yīng)用EDEM 與ADAMS軟件耦合分析了機(jī)具的秸稈埋覆性能,仿真結(jié)果表明,平均秸稈埋覆率為91.64%,可實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈深埋還田。田間試驗(yàn)表明,在高茬水稻秸稈工況下,鏟鍬式種床整備機(jī)的平均作業(yè)耕深為215.3mm,與傳統(tǒng)旋耕方式相比,平均耕深提高99.2mm;秸稈埋覆率為89.43%,相比傳統(tǒng)旋耕方式的埋覆率提升了27.61個(gè)百分點(diǎn),且機(jī)組無纏繞和堵塞,通過性好,整機(jī)作業(yè)質(zhì)量達(dá)到稻茬地油菜直播種床整備的要求。

    Abstract:

    Based on the objective reality of the sticky soil and large amount of straw in the rice-oil rotation area of the mid-lower Yangtze River, the traditional rotary tillage method for rapeseed direct seeding often leads to practical problems such as shallow plough layer, low stubble burying rate and low flatness. Combined with the agronomic requirements for the preparation of rapeseed seedbeds, a shovel-type seedbed preparation machine suitable for rapeseed direct seeding that realized the functions of soil plowing, soil crushing, straw burial covering, and leveling was designed, which cut and threw soil through active shovel, and integrated passive trenching, soil crushing, and flat surface. According to the requirements of the shovel entry angle, tillage depth, soil cutting pitch, etc., a kinematic model of the crank connecting rod mechanism was established. Based on the Matlab software analysis, the structure parameters of the crank connecting rod mechanism were obtained. And according to the requirements of shovel tip movement trajectory, cutting pitch, ditch bottom protrusion height, etc., the left and right staggered structure of the shovel and the crank spiral arrangement were determined. And the matching design of the unit operating parameters was carried out, the speed ( vm ) was 0.4~0.5m/s, the crank rotation speed (n) was 240r/min. The analysis of the movement process of the soil after being thrown by the shovel was carried out, the installation parameters of the enclosure were determined. A simulation model for the interaction of tillage components-soil-straw based on the discrete element method was established. The EDEM and ADAMS software were used to analyze the straw burial performance of the machine, and the simulation results showed that the average straw burial rate was 91.64%, which can realize the deep burying of straw and returning it to the field. Field experiments showed that under the condition of high stubble rice straw, the average working depth of the shovel-type seedbed preparation machine was 215.3mm, which was 99.2 mm higher than that of the traditional rotary tillage method; the stubble burying rate was 89.43%, which was an increase of 27.61 percentage points compared with the traditional rotary tillage method. The operation effect of the whole machine met the requirements for the preparation of the rapeseed direct seeding bed in the rice stubble field.

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廖慶喜,林建新,張青松,謝昊明,杜文斌,吳崇.稻油輪作區(qū)鏟鍬式油菜直播種床整備機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):26-35. LIAO Qingxi, LIN Jianxin, ZHANG Qingsong, XIE Haoming, DU Wenbin, WU Chong. Design and Experiment of Shovel Type Seedbed Preparation Machine Suitable for Rapeseed Direct Seeding[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):26-35.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-12-19
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