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小白菜正負(fù)氣壓組合式精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51875229)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系項目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Positive and Negative Pressure Combination Precision Metering Device for Pakchoi
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    摘要:

    針對小白菜精量復(fù)式播種機采用單體排種器播種時傳動系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、各行出苗效果差異明顯等不足,設(shè)計了2個排種盤可同時播8行的小白菜正負(fù)氣壓組合式排種器,闡明了排種器的工作過程、原理及主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),理論分析確定了排種盤和排種口結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及其種子遷移軌跡。利用DEM-CFD氣固耦合動網(wǎng)格模型分析了排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速、氣室負(fù)壓和氣室正壓對排種性能的影響,試驗結(jié)果表明:負(fù)壓對排種器合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)及漏播指數(shù)均有顯著影響,負(fù)壓為-3000Pa、正壓為300Pa、轉(zhuǎn)速為30r/min、品種為中箕青605時,各行平均合格指數(shù)為93.12%、重播指數(shù)為3.59%、漏播指數(shù)為3.29%。利用JPS-12型排種器檢測試驗臺開展了臺架試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為30r/min、負(fù)壓為-3000Pa、正壓為300Pa時,各行平均合格指數(shù)為91.32%、平均重播指數(shù)為6.19%、平均漏播指數(shù)為2.49%。以較優(yōu)因素水平組合開展了田間試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:小白菜平均苗數(shù)為10株/m、株距平均值為100.48mm,各行苗數(shù)一致性變異系數(shù)為8.05%,滿足小白菜種植農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the disadvantages of complex transmission system and obvious difference in seedling emergence effect of each row when single metering device is used in precision compound seeder for Pakchoi, a positive and negative pressure combination metering device for Pakchoi with two plates which can simultaneously sow eight rows was designed. The working process and principle of the metering device and the main structural parameters of the metering device were described. The structural parameters of seed tray and seed metering port and the seed migration trajectory were determined by theoretical analysis. By using DEM-CFD gas-solid coupling dynamic grid model, the effects of seed metering disc speed, air chamber negative pressure and air chamber positive pressure on seed metering performance were analyzed. The results showed that negative pressure had a significant impact on seed metering device qualified index, multiple index and missing index. When the seed metering disc speed was 30r/min, the negative pressure was -3000Pa, the positive pressure was 300Pa, the average qualified index of each row was 93.12%, the average multiple index was 3.59%, and the average missing seeding index was 3.29%. The bench test was carried out by using JPS-12 seed metering device detection test-bed. The results showed that when the rotation speed of seed metering disc was 30r/min, the negative pressure was -3000Pa, the positive pressure was 300Pa, the average qualified index of each row was 91.32%, the average multiple index was 6.19%, and the missing seeding index was 2.49%. The field experiment was carried out with a better combination of factors. The results showed that the average number of seedlings of Pakchoi was 10 in each meter, the average plant spacing was 100.48mm, and the uniformity coefficient of variation of the number of seedlings in each row was 8.05%, which met the agronomic requirements of Pakchoi planting, and the research result can provide a reference for the optimization of the structure of precision metering device.

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劉海,廖宜濤,王磊,王寶山,杜錚,廖慶喜.小白菜正負(fù)氣壓組合式精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(10):54-65. LIU Hai, LIAO Yitao, WANG Lei, WANG Baoshan, DU Zheng, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment of Positive and Negative Pressure Combination Precision Metering Device for Pakchoi[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):54-65.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-10
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