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氣流引導(dǎo)式果園注肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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科技部創(chuàng)新方法工作專項(xiàng)(2016IM030200)


Design and Test of Air Guided Orchard Fertilizer Injection Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)目前果園液態(tài)肥注肥作業(yè)存在易傷果樹根系、肥料利用率低、注肥不均勻等問(wèn)題,為實(shí)現(xiàn)果園液態(tài)肥高利用率、橫向均勻擴(kuò)散施用,設(shè)計(jì)了一款氣流引導(dǎo)式果園注肥機(jī),以高壓氣流疏松土壤引導(dǎo)液肥擴(kuò)散。分析了果樹注肥作業(yè)要求及氣流引導(dǎo)注肥作業(yè)原理,對(duì)注肥裝置、注肥氣液管路、注肥下壓裝置進(jìn)行理論分析及設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)氣流引導(dǎo)參數(shù)注肥參數(shù)交互試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析,確定了最優(yōu)的參數(shù)組合為:通氣壓力0.8MPa,注肥壓力1.5MPa?;谔摂M樣機(jī)技術(shù)完成氣流引導(dǎo)式果園注肥機(jī)的建模并完成樣機(jī)的試制,在果園進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,注肥機(jī)作業(yè)效果穩(wěn)定,無(wú)液肥上溢現(xiàn)象,液肥縱向擴(kuò)散范圍264~320mm,橫向擴(kuò)散范圍250~270mm,作業(yè)效率0.10~0.12hm2/h,滿足果園液態(tài)肥作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of easy injury to tree roots, low fertilizer utilization rate and uneven fertilization in orchard liquid fertilizer application, an air flow guided orchard fertilizer injection machine was developed to realize the mechanized application of orchard liquid fertilizer. A nested fertilizer injection device was designed for the air guided fertilizer injection method. The influence of the outlet hole parameters of the fertilizer injection device on the ventilation and fertilizer injection effect was studied by using Fluent fluid simulation software. It was determined that the number of vent holes and fertilizer injection holes was 4 and the diameter was 2mm. According to the actual operation of the fertilizer injection machine, the fertilizer injection gas-liquid pipeline and fertilizer injection down pressure device of the fertilizer injection machine were designed and analyzed. It was determined that the volume of the gas tank was 80L, the stroke of hydraulic cylinder was 450mm, the cylinder diameter was 40mm and the rod diameter was 28mm, which met the operation requirements. Through the interaction test of air flow guidance parameters and fertilizer injection parameters, the influence law of air flow guidance pressure and liquid fertilizer injection pressure on liquid fertilizer diffusion was explored. When the ventilation pressure was 0.8MPa and the fertilizer injection pressure was 1.5MPa, it was the optimal parameter combination. Based on virtual prototype technology, the modeling of air guided orchard fertilizer injection machine was completed, and the prototype was trial produced. Field tests were carried out in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province and Pinggu, Beijing. The field test results showed that the fertilizer injection machine had stable operation effect, and there was no liquid fertilizer overflow. The longitudinal diffusion range of liquid fertilizer was 264~320mm, the transverse diffusion range was 250~270mm, the operation efficiency was 0.10~0.12hm2/h, which met the operation requirements of liquid fertilizer in orchards.

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陳相安,張學(xué)敏,侯秀寧,王杰,劉思瑤,倪志明.氣流引導(dǎo)式果園注肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):108-117. CHEN Xiang'an, ZHANG Xuemin, HOU Xiuning, WANG Jie, LIU Siyao, NI Zhiming. Design and Test of Air Guided Orchard Fertilizer Injection Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):108-117.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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