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果園自動(dòng)變距精準(zhǔn)施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31801782)和河北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(C2020204055)


Design and Experiment of Automatic Variable-distance Precison Spraying System in Orchard
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    摘要:

    針對我國北方果園施藥設(shè)備自動(dòng)化程度不高、農(nóng)藥利用率低、適應(yīng)性差等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了基于冠層體積估算的果園自動(dòng)變距精準(zhǔn)施藥系統(tǒng)。施藥系統(tǒng)的噴施臂在控制系統(tǒng)的控制下可以在水平和垂直方向調(diào)整噴霧距離和噴施高度,以適應(yīng)不同果園的果樹特征。為實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)噴施,利用紅外測距傳感器組成了傳感器陣列,通過該陣列探測冠層,將測得的數(shù)據(jù)用數(shù)學(xué)方法構(gòu)建了冠層體積估算模型,并設(shè)計(jì)了噴霧參數(shù)調(diào)整方案,使得噴霧距離與噴霧量可進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)整。為驗(yàn)證施藥系統(tǒng)的性能,測試了噴施臂在接收到移動(dòng)指令時(shí)的響應(yīng)時(shí)間與運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際耗時(shí)以及冠層體積估算模型的準(zhǔn)確率,并選用仿真桃樹進(jìn)行了定距和變距兩組自動(dòng)對靶噴施試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,噴施臂的移動(dòng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)瞬間響應(yīng),運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際耗時(shí)與理論耗時(shí)幾乎一致,冠層體積估算模型的相對誤差為11.27%;與定距對靶噴霧相比,自動(dòng)變距對靶噴施的農(nóng)藥附著率提高了18.66%,節(jié)約了30.25%的藥液。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of low automation, low pesticide utilization and poor adaptability of orchard spraying equipment in northern China, an orchard variable distance spraying equipment based on crown volume estimation was designed. The spraying arm of the equipment could adjust the spraying distance and height in horizontal and vertical directions under the control of the control system, so as to adapt to the characteristics of fruit trees in different orchards. In order to achieve precise spraying, a sensor array was constituted by infrared ranging sensor to detect the crown. The data measured by sensor array was used to build a tree crown volume estimation model by mathematical method, and the adjustment scheme of spray parameters was designed to make the spray distance and spray volume adjusted accordingly. In order to verify the performance of the spraying system, the actual movement time and the response time of the spraying arm when received the movement command and the accuracy of the crown volume estimation model were tested. Two groups of automatic target spraying tests of fixed distance and variable distance were carried out on simulated peach trees. The results showed that the movement of the spraying arm could achieve the instantaneous response and the actual movement time was almost consistent with the theory, and the relative error of the volume estimation model was 11.27%. Compared with the fixed distance target spraying, the variable distance automatic target spraying increased the pesticide attachment rate by 18.66%, and saved 30.25% of the liquid medicine.

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肖珂,郝毅,高冠東.果園自動(dòng)變距精準(zhǔn)施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):137-145. XIAO Ke, HAO Yi, GAO Guandong. Design and Experiment of Automatic Variable-distance Precison Spraying System in Orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):137-145.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-03-15
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