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水氮耦合下黑土稻作碳氮磷累積分配和化學(xué)計(jì)量特征
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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(52079028、51779046)和黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LH2021E118)


Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation and Distribution and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Rice in Black Soil under Coupling of Water and Nitrogen
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    摘要:

    為闡明黑土稻作碳氮磷吸收累積分配對(duì)水氮耦合模式的響應(yīng)機(jī)制并解析氮磷養(yǎng)分限制狀況,設(shè)置常規(guī)淹灌(F)、淺濕灌溉(S)和控制灌溉(C)3種灌溉模式,0、85、110、135kg/hm2(N0、N1、N2、N3)4個(gè)施氮量水平,共計(jì)12個(gè)處理,研究不同水氮耦合模式對(duì)水稻各生育期植株碳氮磷含量、累積量、分配比例、化學(xué)計(jì)量比以及氮磷養(yǎng)分限制狀況的影響。結(jié)果表明:不同水氮耦合處理下,生育期內(nèi)莖鞘碳氮磷含量分別為35.87%~39.43%、0.44%~2.19%、0.14%~0.32%,葉碳氮磷含量分別為36.34%~40.83%、0.76%~3.70%、0.14%~0.36%,穗碳氮磷含量分別為37.05%~41.72%、0.82%~1.63%、0.24%~0.39%??刂乒喔瓤商岣甙喂?jié)孕穗期至成熟期碳氮累積量,常規(guī)淹灌生育期內(nèi)磷累積量始終高于淺濕灌溉和控制灌溉。3種灌溉模式下,成熟期N1、N2、N3處理較N0處理碳累積量分別提高31.46%、52.55%、57.37%,氮累積量分別提高52.98%、117.63%、144.88%,磷累積量分別提高50.28%、79.85%、93.89%。水稻莖鞘碳氮磷分配比例先增后減,葉碳氮磷分配比例持續(xù)減小,穗碳氮磷比例持續(xù)增加。與常規(guī)淹灌和淺濕灌溉相比,控制灌溉模式對(duì)水稻植株碳含量影響較小,但能提升水稻植株生長(zhǎng)中后期氮含量,并降低植株磷含量,從而降低水稻植株C/N,提高水稻植株C/P和N/P。施氮處理顯著提高水稻植株氮含量,小幅提升水稻植株磷含量,對(duì)水稻植株碳含量影響相對(duì)較小,進(jìn)而降低水稻植株C/N、C/P,提高水稻植株N/P。常規(guī)淹灌和淺濕灌溉模式下,水稻地上部植株從磷限制過渡到氮磷共同限制再到氮限制狀態(tài),控制灌溉模式下,水稻地上部植株僅從磷限制過渡到氮磷共同限制狀態(tài)。總體上,控制灌溉可促進(jìn)氮素吸收并提升水稻產(chǎn)量,綜合考慮CN2為最佳水氮耦合模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to clarify the response mechanism of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, accumulation and allocation in black soil rice to water-nitrogen coupling mode and analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient restriction, three irrigation models, conventional flooded irrigation (F), shallow wet irrigation (S) and controlled irrigation (C), and four nitrogen application levels 0kg/hm2, 85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2 and 135kg/hm2(N0, N1, N2, N3), were set up in the experiment, which were a total of 12 treatments. To study the effects of different water-nitrogen coupling modes on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, accumulation, allocation ratio, stoichiometric ratio and nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient restriction of rice plants during each growth periods. The results showed that under different water-nitrogen coupling treatments, the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in stem sheaths were 35.87%~39.43%, 0.44%~2.19% and 0.14%~0.32%, respectively, and the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves were 36.34%~40.83%, 0.76%~3.70% and 0.14%~0.36%, respectively and the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in panicle were 37.05%~41.72%, 0.82%~1.63% and 0.24%~0.39%, respectively. Controlled irrigation could increase the carbon and nitrogen accumulation from jointing booting stage to mature stage, and the phosphorus accumulation during the growth period of conventional flooded irrigation was always higher than that of shallow wet irrigation and controlled irrigation. Under three irrigation modes, compared with N0, N1, N2 and N3 treatments increased carbon accumulation by 31.46%, 52.55% and 57.37%, nitrogen accumulation was increased by 52.98%, 117.63% and 144.88%, and phosphorus accumulation was increased by 50.28%, 79.85% and 93.89%, respectively, at maturity stage. The proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in stem sheaths was increased first and then decreased, the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves was decreased continuously, and the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in panicle was increased continuously. Compared with conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, the controlled irrigation mode had less effect on the carbon content of rice plants, but it can increase the nitrogen content in the middle and late stages of rice plant growth, and reduce the plant phosphorus content, thereby reducing rice plant C/N and increasing rice plant C/P and N/P. Nitrogen application significantly increased the nitrogen content of rice plants, slightly increased the phosphorus content of rice plants, and had relatively little effect on the carbon content of rice plants, and then decreased the C/N and C/P of rice plants, and increased the N/P of rice plants. Under conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, the nutrition of shoot plants of rice transited from phosphorus restriction to nitrogen and phosphorus co-restriction and then to nitrogen restriction, while under controlled irrigation, shoot plants of rice only transited from phosphorus restriction to nitrogen and phosphorus co-restriction. In general, controlled irrigation can promote nitrogen absorption and increase rice yield, and it can be considered comprehensively that CN2 can be the best water-nitrogen coupling mode.

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秦子元,張忠學(xué),杜思澄,黃彥,王柏,張作合.水氮耦合下黑土稻作碳氮磷累積分配和化學(xué)計(jì)量特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):326-339. QIN Ziyuan, ZHANG Zhongxue, DU Sicheng, HUANG Yan, WANG Bai, ZHANG Zuohe. Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation and Distribution and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Rice in Black Soil under Coupling of Water and Nitrogen[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):326-339.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-29
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