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生物炭混摻對(duì)沼液間接地下滴灌土壤水力特性的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51969012)、甘肅省高等學(xué)校產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐引導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目(2019C-13)、甘肅省教育廳產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021CYZC-27、2021CYZC-33)和蘭州理工大學(xué)紅柳一流學(xué)科項(xiàng)目(0807J1)


Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Hydraulic Characteristics under Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation with Biogas Slurry
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    摘要:

    為了探究生物炭混摻量對(duì)不同配比沼液間接地下滴灌土壤水力特性的影響,采用室內(nèi)土箱模擬試驗(yàn),設(shè)置4個(gè)生物炭混摻水平(生物炭、土壤質(zhì)量百分比分別為0、1%、2%、5%(B0、B1、B2、B5))和4個(gè)沼液配比水平(沼液、水體積比分別為0、1∶8、1∶6、1∶4(Z0、Z1∶8、Z1∶6、Z1∶4)),探求小麥秸稈生物炭混摻對(duì)沼液間接地下滴灌土壤持水性能、土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率和土壤濕潤(rùn)體特征的影響。結(jié)果表明:土壤持水性能隨生物炭混摻量和沼液配比的增大而提升;Van-Genuchten模型能夠準(zhǔn)確擬合各處理土壤水分特征曲線;生物炭混摻和沼液灌溉可以增加土壤孔隙度和毛管孔隙度;土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率隨生物炭混摻量的增加呈先降低后升高的趨勢(shì),隨沼液配比的增大而趨于減??;冪函數(shù)能夠準(zhǔn)確描述不同處理濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移距離與灌水時(shí)間的關(guān)系;生物炭混摻量為5%時(shí),濕潤(rùn)鋒垂直向下運(yùn)移距離增大,垂直向上和水平方向運(yùn)移距離減小,存在深層滲漏可能;濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移距離、濕潤(rùn)體體積、土壤高含水率分布區(qū)域面積均在生物炭混摻量為2%、沼液配比為1∶4時(shí)結(jié)果最優(yōu)。綜合考慮各項(xiàng)指標(biāo), 處理Z1∶4B2的生物炭混摻量和沼液配比能夠使間接地下滴灌下的粉壤土獲得較好的土壤水力特性。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the influence of biochar addition on soil hydraulic characteristics under indirect subsurface drip irrigation with biogas slurry, four levels of biochar mass percentages (biochar and soil mass ratios of 0, 1%, 2%, and 5%) and four levels of biogas slurry content (the volume ratio of biogas slurry and water was 0, 1∶8, 1∶6 and 1∶4) were set in the experiment. The biochar and the biogas slurry used wheat straw and cow dung as raw materials, respectively. The soil water holding capacity, soil saturated water conductivity and soil wetting characteristics were investigated. The results showed that soil water holding capacity was increased with the increase of biochar and biogas slurry contents. The Van-Genuchten model can accurately fit the soil moisture characteristic curve of each treatment. Both biochar addition and biogas slurry irrigation alone can increase soil porosity and capillary porosity, and their coupling effects on soil porosity and capillary porosity were more obvious. The soil saturated water conductivity was decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of biochar content, and reached the minimum value when the biochar content was 2%; while it was decreased with the increase of biogas slurry content; moreover, there were an interactive effect between the influence of biochar addition and biogas slurry irrigation on soil saturated water conductivity. The power function can accurately describe the relationship between the wetting front transportation distance and irrigation time under different treatments. The difference of biogas slurry and biochar content among different treatments had obvious effects on the shape of soil wetting body under indirect subsurface drip irrigation, when the biochar content was 1% or 2%, the migration distance of wetting front and volume of wetting body was decreased with the biogas slurry application, the range in the wetting body with high water content (greater than soil field water capacity, 0.3062cm3/cm3) was increased; for treatment with 5% biochar content, the horizontal and vertically upward migration distance of wetting front was decreased with the application of biogas slurry, while the vertically downward migration distance was increased, resulting in an relative smaller area of wetting body with high water content although the volume of wetting body which was as big as that of treatment with 2% biochar content. Taking all indexes into comprehensively consideration, the coupling treatment of Z1∶4B2, and the fine loam soil under indirect subsurface drip irrigation can obtain better soil hydraulic characteristics.

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鄭健,向鵬,孫強(qiáng),康健,王燕.生物炭混摻對(duì)沼液間接地下滴灌土壤水力特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):340-351. ZHENG Jian, XIANG Peng, SUN Qiang, KANG Jian, WANG Yan. Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Hydraulic Characteristics under Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation with Biogas Slurry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):340-351.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-12-31
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