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基于環(huán)境VPD決策的溫室甜瓜灌溉系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)04)、陜西省科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2021TD-34)、西安市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021JH-05-0024)和國(guó)家大宗蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-23-D06)


Design and Experiment of Greenhouse Melon Irrigation System Based on Enviromental VPD Decision
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室甜瓜栽培的精準(zhǔn)自動(dòng)灌溉,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于甜瓜最優(yōu)生長(zhǎng)需求的灌溉決策系統(tǒng)。兼顧甜瓜產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、水氮利用效率3個(gè)類別10個(gè)指標(biāo)建立綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,引入融合最大隸屬度的AHP法確定甜瓜栽培綜合最優(yōu)的日灌水水平,采用K-means聚類算法對(duì)日最優(yōu)灌溉量與環(huán)境溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,建立了甜瓜不同生育期基于環(huán)境飽和水汽壓差(Vapor pressure deficit,VPD)聚類結(jié)果的定量灌溉決策模型。結(jié)果表明,灌水水平120%蒸騰蒸發(fā)量下甜瓜綜合生長(zhǎng)最優(yōu),不同生育期內(nèi)VPD與灌溉量在聚類形心數(shù)為3時(shí)輪廓系數(shù)(0.72)最大,組間輪廓清晰,界限分明,且在VPD較高時(shí),灌水量顯著增高,聚類結(jié)果最優(yōu)。自動(dòng)灌溉系統(tǒng)采用RS485型溫濕度傳感器實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)溫室內(nèi)的環(huán)境參數(shù),由STM32F103ZET6單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)基于模型的灌溉控制,由電子流量計(jì)對(duì)灌水量計(jì)量反饋,并通過(guò)云平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控功能。系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,甜瓜在產(chǎn)量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性蛋白含量上略優(yōu)于常規(guī)農(nóng)藝管理,在節(jié)水方面優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著,甜瓜全生育期累積節(jié)省灌水量15.9%,并極大地降低勞動(dòng)力成本,實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)精量灌溉。

    Abstract:

    In order to realize the precise automatic irrigation of melon cultivation in facilities, an irrigation decision-making system based on the growing demand of melon was designed. Taking into account the three categories of melon yield, quality, and water and nitrogen use efficiency, a comprehensive evaluation system was established involving ten indicators, and the AHP method integrating the maximum membership degree was adopted to determine the comprehensive optimal daily irrigation level for melon cultivation. The K-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the daily optimal irrigation amount and ambient temperature and humidity, and a quantitative irrigation decision model based on the clustering results of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was established for melon in different growth stages. The results showed that the comprehensive growth of melon was optimal under the irrigation level of 120%evapotranspiration. When the number of cluster centroids was 3, the contour coefficient was the largest of 0.72. The contours and boundaries between groups were clear, and the irrigation amount was increased significantly with the increase in VPD, and the clustering results were the best. For the automatic irrigation system, RS485 sensors of temperature and humidity were used to detect the greenhouse environmental parameters in real time, and model-based irrigation control was realized by microcontroller of STM32F103ZET6, and electronic flowmeter was used to measure and feedback the amount of irrigation water, and then remote monitoring function was realized through cloud platform. The system application verification test showed that the melon produced by this system was slightly better than that of conventional agronomic management in yield, soluble solids and soluble protein, and it had significant advantages in water saving, with 15.9% reduction in irrigation amount for the whole growth period, which also greatly reduced labor costs, and realized automatic precision irrigation.

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張智,王正,劉杰成,孔婷婷,謝佳睿,張夢(mèng)池.基于環(huán)境VPD決策的溫室甜瓜灌溉系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(10):371-378. ZHANG Zhi, WANG Zheng, LIU Jiecheng, KONG Tingting, XIE Jiarui, ZHANG Mengchi. Design and Experiment of Greenhouse Melon Irrigation System Based on Enviromental VPD Decision[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(10):371-378.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-10
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