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氣力針式行星輪系窄行密植精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51975238)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Needle Planetary Gear Narrow-row Close Planting Precision Seed-metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)菠菜等小粒徑蔬菜種子采用窄行密植、播種均勻性要求高,缺乏適用播種技術(shù)裝備的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種適用于菠菜等小粒徑蔬菜種子密植精密播種的氣力針式行星輪系多行并聯(lián)低位投種精密排種器。闡述了排種器工作原理,構(gòu)建吸種和投種環(huán)節(jié)種子力學(xué)模型,確定排種器主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);利用ADAMS軟件仿真分析行星輪系排種機(jī)構(gòu)吸種針的靜軌跡和動(dòng)軌跡,明確低位零速投種條件;開展排種器性能試驗(yàn)。排種試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,影響合格指數(shù)的主次順序?yàn)榕欧N轉(zhuǎn)速、吸種負(fù)壓和卸種正壓,最佳參數(shù)組合為排種轉(zhuǎn)速19.56r/min、吸種負(fù)壓2.05kPa、卸種正壓1.00kPa。經(jīng)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,其性能指標(biāo)為合格指數(shù)均值91.48%、漏播指數(shù)均值4.28%、重播指數(shù)均值4.24%。投種試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)投種正壓為0.8~1.0kPa、工作轉(zhuǎn)速為18~20r/min、投種高度小于200mm時(shí),粒距變異系數(shù)不大于13.2%,工作性能較優(yōu)。

    Abstract:

    Considering at the problem that the narrow-row close planting, high sowing uniformity and lack of suitable sowing technology and equipment for small-size vegetable seeds such as spinach, a pneumatic needle planetary gear train multi-row parallel low-drop precision metering device suitable for close planting precision sowing of small-size vegetable seeds such as spinach was designed. The working principle of seed metering device was expounded, and the seed mechanical models of seed suction and seed feeding were constructed, and the main structural parameters of seed metering device were determined. ADAMS software was used to simulate and analyze the static trajectory and dynamic trajectory of the suction needle of the planetary gear train seeding mechanism, and the low zero-speed seeding conditions were clarified. The performance test of seed metering device was carried out. The results of seed-metering test showed that the primary and secondary order of affecting the qualified index was rotation speed of seeding, suction negative pressure and unloading positive pressure. The best combination of parameters was seed metering speed of 19.56r/min, suction negative pressure of 2.05kPa, and unloading positive pressure of 1.00kPa. Through bench test verification, the performance indexes were as follows: the average qualified index was 91.48%, the average missing index was 4.28%, and the average replay index was 4.24%. The results of seeding test showed that when the seed pressure was 0.8~1.0kPa, the working speed was 18~20r/min and the seed height was no more than 200mm, the coefficient of variation of grain spacing was not more than 13.2%, and the working performance was better. The research result can provide a reference for the design of vegetable narrow row close planting precision seeder.

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廖宜濤,張百祥,鄭娟,廖慶喜,劉嘉誠(chéng),李成良.氣力針式行星輪系窄行密植精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):86-99. LIAO Yitao, ZHANG Baixiang, ZHENG Juan, LIAO Qingxi, LIU Jiacheng, LI Chengliang. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Needle Planetary Gear Narrow-row Close Planting Precision Seed-metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):86-99.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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