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高速播種機玉米姿控驅(qū)導(dǎo)式排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31971802)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000404、2021YFD2000405)和陜西省重點產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新鏈項目(2019ZDLNY02-03)


Design and Test of Maize Posture Control and Driving Precision Metering Device for High-speed Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對機械式玉米排種器在播種機高速作業(yè)條件下排種精度下降且性能不穩(wěn)定的問題,提出利用調(diào)姿齒與單元型孔對玉米種子充種姿態(tài)進(jìn)行調(diào)控的技術(shù)思路,設(shè)計了一種姿控驅(qū)導(dǎo)式精量排種器,采用雙側(cè)種盤對置、單列排種結(jié)構(gòu)布局,降低工作轉(zhuǎn)速同時提高排種均勻性。完成了關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)設(shè)計,分析了種子姿態(tài)調(diào)整原理,通過單因素試驗與正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗獲取排種器的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,并開展排種性能對比試驗。結(jié)果表明:調(diào)姿齒齒型為線型時,排種合格率提升效果最優(yōu),較無調(diào)姿齒可提升29.1個百分點;排種器的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:工作轉(zhuǎn)速16.7r/min,型孔外壁面傾角46.9°與型孔圓角半徑4.5mm,該條件下合格率、漏播率和重播率分別為91.6%、2.8%與5.6%;在作業(yè)速度8~14km/h范圍內(nèi),排種器的合格率均高于90%,漏播率均低于3%,重播率均低于8%,破損率均低于0.5%,粒距均勻性變異系數(shù)均低于19%,且排種效果優(yōu)于無姿態(tài)調(diào)控排種器與勺輪式排種器,滿足玉米精量播種的技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that the precision and performance of maize mechanical seed-metering device was decreased and unstable when it was at high-speed sowing of the seeder. The technical idea of adjusting and controlling maize seed filling posture by using posture adjustment teeth and unit hole was put forward. A precision metering device with posture control and driving was designed. It adopted the structural layout of double sided seed discs opposed and single row seeding, so as to reduce the rotation speed and improve the uniformity of seed-metering. The structural parameters of the key components were designed. The principle of seed posture adjustment was analyzed. Through single factor test and combination test, the optimal parameters of the seed-metering device was obtained. Subsequently, the seed-metering performance comparison test were carried out. The results showed that when the type of the posture adjustment teeth was linear, the effect of improving the qualified index was the best, which can be increased by 29.1 percentage points compared with that of no posture adjustment teeth. When the rotation speed was 16.7r/min, the inclination angle of the hole outer wall was 46.9°and the fillet radius of the hole was 4.5mm, the qualified index, missed index and multiple index were 91.6%, 2.8% and 5.6%, respectively. Within the range of operating speed of 8~14km/h, the qualified index was over 90%, the miss index was below 3%, the multiples index was below 8%, the damage index was below 0.5%, and the variation coefficient of grain spacing uniformity was below 19%. Moreover, the seed-metering effect was better than that of no posture control seed-metering device and scoop type seed-metering device, which met the technical requirements of maize precision sowing.

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董建鑫,高筱鈞,張仕林,劉研,陳旭輝,黃玉祥.高速播種機玉米姿控驅(qū)導(dǎo)式排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(11):108-119. DONG Jianxin, GAO Xiaojun, ZHANG Shilin, LIU Yan, CHEN Xuhui, HUANG Yuxiang. Design and Test of Maize Posture Control and Driving Precision Metering Device for High-speed Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):108-119.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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