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刮板式有機(jī)肥條鋪與旋耕混合施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-29)


Design and Experiment of Scraper Organic Fertilizer Strip Spreading and Rotary Tillage Mixed Fertilizer Applicator
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    針對(duì)果園有機(jī)肥人工施肥量不準(zhǔn)確、施肥不均勻等問(wèn)題,本文根據(jù)施肥農(nóng)藝要求,設(shè)計(jì)了一種有機(jī)肥條鋪與旋耕混合施肥機(jī)。該裝置采用刮板式結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)圓環(huán)鏈帶動(dòng)刮板向前排肥,將有機(jī)肥呈條狀鋪撒在地表,通過(guò)旋耕裝置將其與土壤混合。通過(guò)計(jì)算確定了施肥裝置最大開(kāi)口高度、肥箱容積等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),分析了上、下層有機(jī)肥排肥過(guò)程。以排肥口開(kāi)口高度、前進(jìn)速度、鏈輪轉(zhuǎn)速和刮板間距為試驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行離散元仿真試驗(yàn),以有機(jī)肥相對(duì)誤差和變異系數(shù)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),對(duì)排肥過(guò)程工作參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化求解,得到最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合:開(kāi)口高度為53.17mm、前進(jìn)速度為2.8km/h、鏈輪轉(zhuǎn)速為15.96r/min、刮板間距為160mm。在最優(yōu)工作條件下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,得到有機(jī)肥平均排肥量為5.099kg/m2,與理論施肥量相對(duì)誤差為4.5%,變異系數(shù)為8.8%,表明仿真優(yōu)化結(jié)果可靠,排肥量準(zhǔn)確且排肥均勻性較好,該施肥裝置施肥性能較優(yōu)。在旋耕混合試驗(yàn)中,通過(guò)測(cè)定得到上層有機(jī)肥混合比例為11.83%,下層有機(jī)肥混合比例為6.29%,表明經(jīng)過(guò)旋耕后,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)土肥混合效果,上層土肥混合比例高于下層。

    Abstract:

    In view of the inaccuracy of artificial fertilizer application amount and uneven fertilization of orchard organic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer strip spreading rotary tillage mixed fertilizer application machine was designed according to the requirements of fertilization agronomic. The device used scraper drainage fertilizer, through the ring chain to drive the scraper to the front row of fertilizer, and spread organic manure in strips on the surface, then the rotary tillage device would be mixed with the soil. First of all, through the design calculation, the maximum opening height of the fertilizer device, fertilizer box volume and other structural parameters were determined, and the upper and lower organic fertilizer discharge process was analyzed. Then, discrete element simulation test was carried out with the opening height of fertilizer discharge port, forward speed, sprocket speed and scraper spacing as test factors. The parameters were solved with the relative error and variation coefficient of organic fertilizer as evaluation indexes, and the working parameters of fertilizer discharge process were optimized and solved. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as follows: the opening height was 53.17mm, the forward speed was 2.8km/h, the sprocket speed was 15.96r/min, and the scraper spacing was 160mm. The experimental verification under the optimal working conditions showed that the average organic fertilizer discharge was 5.099kg/m2, the relative error was 4.5% and the coefficient of variation was 8.8%. This showed that the simulation optimization results were reliable, the fertilizer discharge was accurate and the uniformity of fertilizer discharge was good, and the fertilization performance of the fertilization device was good. Finally, in the rotary tillage mixing test, the mixing ratio of upper organic fertilizer was 11.83%, and that of lower organic fertilizer was 6.29%, indicating that after rotary tillage, soil and fertilizer mixing effect could be achieved, and the mixing ratio of upper soil and fertilizer was higher than that of the lower layer.

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譚好超,徐麗明,馬帥,牛叢,閆成功,沈聰聰.刮板式有機(jī)肥條鋪與旋耕混合施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(11):163-175. AN Haochao, XU Liming, MA Shuai, NIU Cong, YAN Chenggong, SHEN Congcong. Design and Experiment of Scraper Organic Fertilizer Strip Spreading and Rotary Tillage Mixed Fertilizer Applicator[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(11):163-175.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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