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基于遙感的節(jié)水改造下河套灌區(qū)土壤鹽漬化演變分析
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFC3201202)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFHH0039、2021CG0022)


Evolution Mechanism of Soil Salinization in Hetao Irrigation District under Condition of Water-saving Reform Based on Remote Sensing Technology
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    摘要:

    為探究節(jié)水改造工程對(duì)灌區(qū)土壤鹽漬化的影響,以河套灌區(qū)永濟(jì)灌域?yàn)槔?,將?jié)水改造工程實(shí)施階段分成4個(gè)時(shí)期,基于遙感技術(shù)對(duì)各時(shí)期的土地利用類型和不同土層深度的土壤鹽分進(jìn)行解譯,從土壤鹽分的空間分布狀態(tài)、土壤鹽分指標(biāo)(總儲(chǔ)鹽量及單位儲(chǔ)鹽量)的時(shí)間演變等方面分析不同節(jié)水改造時(shí)期土壤鹽漬化的時(shí)空演變規(guī)律,并從點(diǎn)尺度和區(qū)域尺度綜合分析土壤鹽漬化對(duì)地下水的響應(yīng),同時(shí)結(jié)合灌區(qū)灌溉、排水等因素分析土壤鹽漬化的演變機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:隨著節(jié)水改造工程的實(shí)施,土壤鹽漬化程度南低北高的空間分布狀態(tài)逐漸明顯,鹽漬化等級(jí)最高的區(qū)域均為鹽荒地,2005—2010年土壤鹽漬化程度增加,主要表現(xiàn)為春季、秋季0~40cm的重度鹽化土(主要鹽漬化等級(jí))所占比例相比2000年分別平均增加106.98%~806.38%和44.26%~190.60%,2010—2015年土壤鹽漬化程度逐漸減輕,主要鹽漬化等級(jí)向等級(jí)小的方向轉(zhuǎn)移,2015—2021年,土壤鹽漬化程度減輕程度較為明顯,主要表現(xiàn)為春季0~20cm中度、重度鹽化土所占比例之和(主要鹽漬化等級(jí))相比2005—2010年平均下降9.15%,春季20~40cm、秋季0~20cm和20~40cm土層輕度、中度鹽化土所占比例之和(主要鹽漬化等級(jí))分別增加15.02%、-2.62%和6.26%;隨著節(jié)水改造工程的進(jìn)行,春、秋兩季0~40cm土層儲(chǔ)鹽量均呈先增后減的趨勢(shì),2010年達(dá)到最大值,其中0~20cm春、秋兩季總儲(chǔ)鹽量分別為1.489×106t和1.396×106t,至2021年,春、秋兩季平均總儲(chǔ)鹽量仍大于2000年;不同時(shí)期土壤含鹽量與地下水埋深滿足對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系,春季、秋季土壤含鹽量與地下水埋深的決定系數(shù)R2分別為0.744和0.672,春、秋兩季輕度鹽化土、中度鹽化土、重度鹽化土和鹽土的地下水埋深平均值分別為2.351、2.144、1.953、1.752m,秋季地下水埋深平均值相比春季分別降低7.85%、8.27%、12.16%和9.88%。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the impact of water-saving renovation projects on soil salinization in Hetao Irrigation District, Yongji in Hetao Irrigation District which was a typical salinization region was taken as an example. The implementation stages of water-saving renovation projects were divided into four periods, and the land use types and the soil salinity at the depth of the soil layer was interpreted based on remote sensing technology. The temporal and spatial evolution of soil salinization in different water-saving renovation periods was analyzed from the spatial distribution state of soil salinity and the time evolution of soil salinity indicators (total salt storage and unit salt storage). From the point scale and regional scale, the response of soil salinization to groundwater and the evolution mechanism of soil salinization in combination with irrigation, drainage and other factors in irrigation areas were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that with the implementation of the water-saving renovation project, the spatial distribution of soil salinization degree showed trend of lower in the south and higher in the north, which gradually became obvious. The areas with the highest salinization level were salinized wasteland. Compared with 2000, the degree of soil salinization was increased from 2005 to 2010 with the main performance that the proportion of strongly saline soil (mainly salinized grades) in spring and autumn were increased by 106.98%~806.38% and 44.26%~190.60%, respectively. From 2010 to 2015, the degree of soil salinization was gradually decreased, and the main salinization level shifted to a smaller level. From 2015 to 2021, the degree of soil salinization was decreased more significantly, the sum of the proportions of moderately and strongly saline soil (mainly the salinization level) of 0~20cm in spring was decreased by 9.15% on average, and the sum of the proportions of lightly and moderately salinized soils (mainly salinized levels) of 20~40cm in spring, 0~20cm and 20~40cm in autumn were increased by 15.02%, -2.62% and 6.26% compared with that in 2005—2010, respectively. With the progress of the water-saving renovation project, the salt storage in the 0~40cm soil layer was increased first and then decreased in spring and autumn, and reached the maximum value in 2010, of which the total salt storage was 1.489×106t and 1.396×106t in the 0~20cm spring and autumn, respectively. By 2021, the average total salt storage in spring and autumn was still greater than that in 2000. The soil salinity and groundwater burial depth in different periods had a logarithmic relationship with determination coefficient R2 of 0.744 and 0.672 in spring and autumn, respectively. The average groundwater depths of slightly saline soil, moderately saline soil, strongly saline soil and solonchak soil in spring and autumn was 2.351m, 2.144m, 1.953m and 1.752m, respectively. The average groundwater depths in autumn was 7.85%, 8.27%, 12.16% and 9.88% smaller than those in spring, respectively.

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孫亞楠,李仙岳,史海濱,馬紅雨,王維剛,菅文浩.基于遙感的節(jié)水改造下河套灌區(qū)土壤鹽漬化演變分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(12):366-379. SUN Ya'nan, LI Xianyue, SHI Haibin, MA Hongyu, WANG Weigang, JIAN Wenhao. Evolution Mechanism of Soil Salinization in Hetao Irrigation District under Condition of Water-saving Reform Based on Remote Sensing Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):366-379.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-25
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