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農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人全覆蓋作業(yè)規(guī)劃研究進(jìn)展
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000600-2021YFD200604)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研究生自主創(chuàng)新研究基金項(xiàng)目(2022TC161)


Research Progress of Agricultural Robot Full Coverage Operation Planning
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    摘要:

    隨著自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航技術(shù)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)方面。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人可以代替人類從事噴藥、施肥、收獲等活動(dòng),減輕了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,提高了作業(yè)效率。全覆蓋作業(yè)是智能機(jī)器人研究的核心內(nèi)容之一,涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事、生產(chǎn)制造和民用等多個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。全覆蓋作業(yè)規(guī)劃作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),有助于提高作業(yè)質(zhì)量和資源利用率。但在全覆蓋作業(yè)中,仍然存在障礙物識(shí)別不準(zhǔn)確,阻礙農(nóng)機(jī)工作路徑;工作區(qū)域面積遺漏,路徑重復(fù)問(wèn)題,造成資源浪費(fèi);單機(jī)器人工作效率較低,無(wú)法處理復(fù)雜的全覆蓋作業(yè)問(wèn)題。本文從全覆蓋作業(yè)規(guī)劃中存在的問(wèn)題入手,從環(huán)境模型構(gòu)建、機(jī)器人路徑規(guī)劃、多機(jī)器人協(xié)作任務(wù)分配3方面進(jìn)行綜述。其中,準(zhǔn)確可靠的環(huán)境地圖信息有助于規(guī)避靜態(tài)障礙物、提高作業(yè)可靠性;高效優(yōu)化路徑信息有助于減少遺漏面積,提高作業(yè)效率;最佳的任務(wù)分配方案有助于減少作業(yè)時(shí)間和資源浪費(fèi)。首先對(duì)環(huán)境建模方法進(jìn)行了分析和對(duì)比,揭示其局限性并提出優(yōu)化方法;在環(huán)境建模方法的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外全覆蓋路徑規(guī)劃算法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行綜述,指出相關(guān)算法的特點(diǎn);然后,針對(duì)多機(jī)器人協(xié)作全覆蓋任務(wù)規(guī)劃的研究,探討了相關(guān)任務(wù)分配算法的研究進(jìn)展;最后對(duì)移動(dòng)機(jī)器人全覆蓋作業(yè)規(guī)劃未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行了展望。該研究將有助于進(jìn)一步提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中全覆蓋環(huán)節(jié)的工作效率和農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)質(zhì)量,減少資源浪費(fèi),為我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?;a(chǎn)提供重要依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    With the development of automatic navigation technology, agricultural robots have been applied to all aspects of agricultural production. Agricultural robots can replace humans in activities such as spraying, fertilizing, and harvesting, reducing labor intensity and improving operational efficiency. Full coverage operation is one of the core contents of intelligent robot research, which involves many application fields such as agriculture, military, manufacturing, and civil. As a key technology in agricultural production operations, full coverage operation planning can help improve operation quality and resource utilization. However, in the full coverage operation, there are several challenges unresolved: obstacles identification is not accurate, hindering the working path of agricultural machinery; the area of the working area is omitted and the path is repeated, resulting in a waste of resources; the work efficiency of the single robot is low and it is unable to deal with complex full coverage problems. Starting with the problems existing in the full coverage operation planning, the construction of the environment model, robot path planning, and multi-robot cooperative task allocation was reviewed. Among them, accurate and reliable environmental map information helped to avoid static obstacles and improve operational reliability. Efficient optimization of path information helped to reduce missed areas and improve operational efficiency. The optimal task allocation scheme helped to reduce work time and waste of resources. Firstly, the environmental modeling methods were analyzed and compared with their limitations revealed, and optimization methods were put forward. Based on environmental modeling methods, the present situation of full coverage path planning algorithms at home and abroad was summarized, and the characteristics of related algorithms were pointed out. Then, the research progress of task assignment algorithms was discussed for multi-robot cooperative full coverage task allocation. Finally, the future development direction of the mobile robot full coverage task allocation was discussed. This research would help further improve the work efficiency and quality of the full coverage operation in agricultural production, and reduce the waste of resources. The research result provided an important basis for the realization of large-scale agricultural production in China.

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王寧,韓雨曉,王雅萱,王天海,張漫,李寒.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人全覆蓋作業(yè)規(guī)劃研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s1):1-19. WANG Ning, HAN Yuxiao, WANG Yaxuan, WANG Tianhai, ZHANG Man, LI Han. Research Progress of Agricultural Robot Full Coverage Operation Planning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):1-19.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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