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基于WebGIS的農(nóng)機多機協(xié)同導(dǎo)航服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000604)和北京市創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練項目


Design of Agricultural Machinery Multi-machine Cooperative Navigation Service Platform Based on WebGIS
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    摘要:

    為向多臺農(nóng)業(yè)機械協(xié)同作業(yè)應(yīng)用場景提供地圖和導(dǎo)航服務(wù)支持,設(shè)計并開發(fā)了基于WebGIS的農(nóng)機多機協(xié)同導(dǎo)航服務(wù)平臺,該平臺由GIS服務(wù)和農(nóng)機調(diào)度2個功能模塊組成。GIS模塊基于GeoServer和JavaWeb提供網(wǎng)頁端地圖服務(wù),在顯示農(nóng)場地圖、實時標注農(nóng)機位置的同時,也提供多農(nóng)機導(dǎo)航結(jié)果的可視化顯示功能;農(nóng)機調(diào)度模塊以路徑規(guī)劃算法和任務(wù)分配算法為核心,負責提供導(dǎo)航服務(wù),在用戶輸入任務(wù)列表并調(diào)用服務(wù)的情況下,以GeoJSON格式返回各農(nóng)機的任務(wù)分配以及路徑規(guī)劃結(jié)果。此外,為了篩選出滿足平臺需求且性能最優(yōu)的算法,針對路徑規(guī)劃算法設(shè)計了算法性能對比實驗,在導(dǎo)航距離近、中、遠的3條路徑上分別測試了基于A*、Bellman-Ford、Dijkstra、Floyd和SPFA 5種算法的路徑規(guī)劃算法,并對不同算法的執(zhí)行時間和最優(yōu)路徑長度進行了對比;針對任務(wù)分配算法設(shè)計了不同任務(wù)數(shù)量場景下的仿真對比實驗,在任務(wù)數(shù)量為8、10、14、18的場景下分別測試了基于蟻群算法和遺傳算法的任務(wù)分配算法,并對兩者的執(zhí)行速度和最優(yōu)路徑長度進行了對比。結(jié)果表明:基于Dijkstra算法的路徑規(guī)劃算法在結(jié)果最優(yōu)的前提下執(zhí)行速度最快,平均單次執(zhí)行時間為0.25ms?;谶z傳算法的任務(wù)分配算法可以有效降低多機協(xié)同的路徑代價,相較于隨機生成的工作序列,路徑代價減少50%~54%;相較于基于蟻群算法的任務(wù)分配算法,農(nóng)機最佳路徑長度減少19%~36%,執(zhí)行時間減少51%~66%,平均執(zhí)行時間在1s以內(nèi)。開發(fā)的多機協(xié)同導(dǎo)航服務(wù)平臺通過使用Dijkstra算法和遺傳算法分別進行路徑規(guī)劃和任務(wù)分配,能夠基本滿足多機協(xié)同作業(yè)的實時性需求。

    Abstract:

    In order to provide map and navigation service support for multi-agricultural machinery cooperative operation application scenarios, a multi-machine cooperative navigation service platform based on WebGIS was designed and developed. The platform consisted of two functional modules: GIS service and agricultural machinery scheduling. The GIS module provided web-side map services based on GeoServer and JavaWeb. While displaying the farm map and marking the location of agricultural machinery in real time, it also provided the visual display function of the navigation results of multiple agricultural machinery;the agricultural machinery scheduling module took the path planning algorithm and task allocation algorithm as the core, and responsible for providing navigation services. When the user provided the task list and invoked the service, it returned the task assignment and path planning results of each agricultural machine in GeoJSON format. In addition, in order to screen out the algorithm that met the platform requirements and had the best performance, algorithm performance comparison experiment were designed. The path planning algorithms based on A*, Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra, Floyd and SPFA were tested on three paths with short, medium and far navigation distances respectively, and the execution time and optimal path length were recorded and compared;for the task allocation algorithm, simulation comparison experiments under different task number scenarios were designed. The task allocation algorithms based on ant colony optimization and genetic algorithm were tested under the scenarios of 8, 10, 14 and 18 tasks respectively, and the execution speed and optimal path length of the algorithms were recorded and compared. The results showed that the path planning algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm had the fastest execution speed under the premise of optimal results, and the average single execution time was 0.25ms. The task assignment algorithm based on genetic algorithm can effectively reduce the path cost of multi-machine collaboration. Compared with the randomly generated work sequence, the path cost was reduced by 50%~54%;compared with the algorithm based on ant colony optimization, the optimal path length was reduced by 19%~36%, the execution time was reduced by 51%~66%, and the average running time was within 1s. The developed multi-machine cooperative navigation service platform can basically meet the real-time requirements of multi-machine cooperative operation by using Dijkstra algorithm and genetic algorithm for path planning and task allocation.

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李寒,鐘濤,張可意,王焱,張漫.基于WebGIS的農(nóng)機多機協(xié)同導(dǎo)航服務(wù)平臺設(shè)計[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(s1):28-35. LI Han, ZHONG Tao, ZHANG Keyi, WANG Yan, ZHANG Man. Design of Agricultural Machinery Multi-machine Cooperative Navigation Service Platform Based on WebGIS[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):28-35.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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