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超級雜交稻壓電振動式勻種裝置設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(52175261)


Design and Experiment of Piezoelectric Vibration Seed Homogenizer for Super Hybrid Rice
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    摘要:

    針對目前振動式水稻育秧盤低播量精量排種器存在勻種均勻性差、難以提供單列穩(wěn)定種子流的問題,設計了一種壓電振動式勻種裝置。通過對壓電振子振動原理、振動板動力學和水稻種子轉(zhuǎn)向等分析,確定了各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。進行振動板結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化設計,以儲種盒深度、轉(zhuǎn)向槽角度以及振動方向角為試驗因素,結(jié)合Box-Behnken試驗方案進行優(yōu)化,試驗結(jié)果表明轉(zhuǎn)向槽角度、儲種盒深度、振動方向角和轉(zhuǎn)向槽角度交互作用對試驗結(jié)果影響顯著,當儲種盒深度為8mm、轉(zhuǎn)向槽角度為49°、振動方向角為29°時,種子均勻性變異系數(shù)為17.91%。通過臺架試驗測定振動板加速度,確定輸入電壓與振幅之間的關(guān)系。最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下振動板勻種試驗結(jié)果表明,勻種均勻性變異系數(shù)、播種合格率和漏播率分別為18.20%、94.65%和0.67%。不同勻種速度下播種性能試驗結(jié)果表明,當工作電壓為130~180V時,其播種合格率均不小于94.17%,漏播率均不大于0.83%。不同水稻品種適應性試驗結(jié)果表明,在工作電壓130、150、170V下,其播種合格率均不小于94.17%,漏播率均不大于1.0%,滿足超級雜交水稻精量化育秧播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of poor uniformity of low sowing quantity precision metering device of vibrating rice seedling tray at present, which is difficult to provide a single row of stable seed flow, a piezoelectric vibrating homogenizing device was designed. The structural parameters of each component were determined by analyzing the vibration principle of piezoelectric vibrator, the dynamics of vibrating plate and the steering of rice seeds. The structural parameters of the vibrating plate were optimized. Taking the depth of the seed storage box, the angle of the steering groove and the direction of vibration as the test factors, the optimization test was carried out in combination with the Box-Behnken test scheme. The results showed that the interaction of the angle of the steering groove, the depth of the seed storage box, the direction of vibration and the angle of the steering groove had a significant impact on the test results. When the depth of the seed storage box was 8mm, the angle of the steering groove was 49°, and the direction of vibration was 29°, and the coefficient of variation of seed evenness was 17.91%. The relationship between the input voltage and the amplitude was further determined by the acceleration measurement bench test. Under the optimal structural parameters, the variation coefficient of uniformity, the qualified rate of sowing and the missed rate of sowing were 18.20%, 94.65% and 0.67%, respectively. The seeding performance test at different uniform seeding speeds showed that when the working voltage was 130~180V, the qualified seeding rate was no less than 94.17% and the missed seeding rate was no more than 0.83%. The adaptability test results of different rice varieties showed that under the three working voltages of 130V, 150V and 170V, the qualified seeding rate was no less than 94.17%, and the missed seeding rate was less than or equal to 1.0%, which met the requirements of precision seedling raising and sowing of super hybrid rice.

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劉彩玲,李方林,袁昊,賈旋,周智智.超級雜交稻壓電振動式勻種裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(s1):58-68. LIU Cailing, LI Fanglin, YUAN Hao, JIA Xuan, ZHOU Zhizhi. Design and Experiment of Piezoelectric Vibration Seed Homogenizer for Super Hybrid Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):58-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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