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根莖類作物單擺鏟柵收獲裝置驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩特性研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701605、2016YFD070030202)


Driving Torque Characteristics of Oscillating Slat Shovel for Rhizome Crops Harvest Device
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    摘要:

    單擺鏟柵收獲裝置的驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩為4組單體轉(zhuǎn)矩的耦合疊加且隨負(fù)載周期變化,最大驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩及轉(zhuǎn)矩波動度直接影響了拖拉機功率匹配與功率利用效率。為研究收獲裝置驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩特性,在工作單體受力分析基礎(chǔ)上建立了單體轉(zhuǎn)矩、驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩、比功耗解析方程,結(jié)合離散元仿真分析了收獲裝置驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩時域響應(yīng)特點:單體轉(zhuǎn)矩呈現(xiàn)每周期雙峰、相鄰周期強弱變化規(guī)律,受組間振動平衡與土壤粘塑性作用,驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩呈現(xiàn)每周期雙峰、相鄰周期微變的規(guī)律,峰值約為單體轉(zhuǎn)矩的1.2~2.3倍。為明確相關(guān)參數(shù)對驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩的影響,開展了四因素三水平Box-Behnken仿真試驗,建立了最大驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)矩波動度、比功耗預(yù)測數(shù)學(xué)模型,仿真試驗結(jié)果表明:振幅、振動頻率、挖掘深度、前進速度、振幅與振動頻率交互項均是最大驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩、比功耗的主要影響因素,振動頻率、挖掘深度對轉(zhuǎn)矩波動度有較大影響。甘草收獲田間試驗結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)挖掘深度為450~500mm時(工況1),驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩呈現(xiàn)每周期雙峰、相鄰周期強弱變化的規(guī)律,最大驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩為797.17N·m、轉(zhuǎn)矩波動度為2.54、比功耗為122.06kJ/m3、收凈率為96.42%;當(dāng)挖掘深度為350~400mm時(工況2),最大驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩較工況1下降約39.44%,轉(zhuǎn)矩波動度下降約27.95%,比功耗與收凈率基本不變。該研究可為單擺鏟柵收獲裝置結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化及根莖作物振動減阻節(jié)能收獲研究提供參考。

    Abstract:

    The driving torque of the oscillating slat shovel harvesting device is determined by four groups of single torque coupling, and the maximum driving torque and torque fluctuation directly affect the power matching and effective power output of the tractor. Analytical equations and discrete element simulation were used to analyze the characteristics of the driving torque waveform of the harvesting device. The single torque showed a double peak per cycle and the strength of adjacent cycles. Due to the vibration balance between groups and soil viscoplasticity, the driving torque showed a double peak per cycle and a slight change in adjacent cycles. The peak value was about 1.2~2.3 times of the single torque. The maximum driving torque, torque fluctuation and specific power consumption were taken as the driving torque characteristics and influencing factors of the harvesting device. Based on the force analysis of the working monomer, the monomer torque, driving torque and specific power consumption were established as the indexes, and the four-factor and three-level Box-Behnken simulation experiment was carried out. The experimental results showed that the amplitude, vibration frequency, excavation depth, forward speed, and the interaction term between amplitude and vibration frequency had significant influence on the maximum driving torque. Under the fixed working condition, when the amplitude was 8~10mm and the vibration frequency was 8~9.67Hz, the maximum driving torque had a better value. The vibration frequency, excavation depth and their interaction were the main factors affecting the torque ripple. Under fixed conditions, when the vibration frequency was 8.67~10.67Hz, the torque ripple had a better value, and the excavation depth can be 350~450mm. The vibration frequency, amplitude, forward velocity, excavation depth, and the interaction term between vibration frequency and forward velocity were the most important factors affecting the specific power consumption. Under fixed conditions, when the forward velocity was 0.35~0.45m/s, and the vibration frequency was 7.67~9.67Hz, there was a numerical optimal value of specific power consumption. The field test results of liquorice harvester showed that when the excavation depth was 450~500mm (condition 1), the driving torque showed a double peak per cycle and the adjacent strength changed, the maximum driving torque was 797.17N·m, the torque fluctuation was 2.54, the specific power consumption was 122.06kJ/m3, and the liquorice harvest rate was 96.42%. With the excavation depth reduced to 350~400mm (condition 2), the strong and weak cycles of driving torque were not obvious. Compared with condition 1, the maximum driving torque was decreased by about 39.44%, and the torque fluctuation was decreased by about 27.95%, and the specific power consumption was basically the same. The oscillating slat shovel harvesting device had good torque balance ability, which can provide reference for the research on vibration drag reduction and energy saving harvesting of rhizome crops, especially deep rhizome crops harvesting equipment.

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萬里鵬程,李永磊,黃金秋,宋建農(nóng),董向前,王繼承.根莖類作物單擺鏟柵收獲裝置驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(s1):191-200,339. WAN Lipengcheng, LI Yonglei, HUANG Jinqiu, SONG Jiannong, DONG Xiangqian, WANG Jicheng. Driving Torque Characteristics of Oscillating Slat Shovel for Rhizome Crops Harvest Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):191-200,339.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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