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電動拖拉機發(fā)展歷程與研究現(xiàn)狀綜述
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019YFB1312300)和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:輕量化實用動力底盤及轉(zhuǎn)運裝備研發(fā)與產(chǎn)業(yè)化項目(NK2022160100)


Review of Development Process and Research Status of Electric Tractors
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    摘要:

    電動拖拉機作為農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)能減排的重要工具,也是未來農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型方向之一,國內(nèi)外進行了大量技術(shù)研究與產(chǎn)品嘗試。從電動拖拉機技術(shù)角度入手,對電動拖拉機發(fā)展的各個階段及其典型產(chǎn)品進行了梳理,總結(jié)了各發(fā)展階段的技術(shù)特點與影響電動拖拉機技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要因素?;趪鴥?nèi)外現(xiàn)有研究成果,對電動拖拉機研究的方案與設(shè)計技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)、仿真與試驗技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,總結(jié)了各方向現(xiàn)有研究成果的特點。結(jié)合發(fā)展經(jīng)歷與研究現(xiàn)狀,對未來電動拖拉機產(chǎn)品與技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向進行了展望。

    Abstract:

    As an important tool for agricultural energy conservation and emission reduction, electric tractors are also one of the development and transformation directions of agricultural machinery equipment products in the future. A lot of technical research and product trials have been carried out at home and abroad. Starting with the concept of electric tractor technology, the stages of electric tractor technology development and its typical products are sorted out, and the technical characteristics of each stage of development and the main factors affecting the development of electric tractor technology are summarized. The development of battery technology directly affected the power supply mode and watt level as well as the change of the energy system model of electric tractors. The energy density and the cost of use were the main factors that affected the tractor’s pure electrification. Compared with automobiles, tractors had higher load rates during plowing and rotary tillage. At present, the energy density level that can be achieved by battery products had a certain gap in supporting electric tractors in heavy farmland operations effectively and independently. The development of lowpower pure electric dedicated plant protection models or the use of multiple energy systems on largerpower tractors was in line with the current state of battery technology and can provide common technical reserves for the realization of pure electric tractors in the future. Based on the existing research results at home and abroad, the current research status of the scheme and design, control technology, simulation and test technology of electric tractor research is analyzed, and the characteristics of existing research results in various directions are summarized. It is necessary to continue to form and improve the theoretical system of electric tractors in the future, so as to gradually achieve universal and standardized electric tractor whole machine and implements, agronomy, energy system, new energy generation and rural energy storage technology and application technology matching and collaborative control. Combined with technologies such as Internet of Things, intelligent control and automatic driving to improve the intelligence level of electric tractors, the research results can provide reference for the development of related technologies.

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劉孟楠,雷生輝,趙靜慧,孟志軍,趙春江,徐立友.電動拖拉機發(fā)展歷程與研究現(xiàn)狀綜述[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(s1):348-364. LIU Mengnan, LEI Shenghui, ZHAO Jinghui, MENG Zhijun, ZHAO Chunjiang, XU Liyou. Review of Development Process and Research Status of Electric Tractors[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):348-364.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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