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光纖計(jì)數(shù)式油菜精量排種器種子流檢測系統(tǒng)研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51805004)、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2301402)和安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2008085QE217)


Seed Flow Detection System of Optical Fiber Counting Rapeseed Precision Metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)油菜精量播種作業(yè)速度提高導(dǎo)致種子流檢測精度下降的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種光纖計(jì)數(shù)式油菜精量排種器種子流檢測系統(tǒng),由光纖計(jì)數(shù)式傳感器、核心控制模塊、降壓模塊、無線通信模塊和網(wǎng)頁終端組成。闡述了光纖計(jì)數(shù)傳感器的種子流檢測原理,運(yùn)用質(zhì)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)理論構(gòu)建了種子與導(dǎo)種管接觸運(yùn)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,明確了該傳感器的響應(yīng)時(shí)間。系統(tǒng)工作時(shí),通過光纖傳感器檢測下落的種子流對(duì)光纖進(jìn)行遮擋產(chǎn)生的電壓信號(hào),通過不同模塊對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行降壓、收集、傳輸并結(jié)合終端進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)顯示與儲(chǔ)存。選用華油雜62油菜種子為試驗(yàn)材料,以六度空間振動(dòng)臺(tái)為試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)搭載油菜精量排種器,以振動(dòng)頻率、種盤轉(zhuǎn)速和工作負(fù)壓為試驗(yàn)因素,各行排種量及各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)的相對(duì)偏差為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),開展了傳感器精度試驗(yàn)、檢測系統(tǒng)性能試驗(yàn)及田間試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:單、雙粒檢測試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相對(duì)偏差最大為3.67%;各行排種量的實(shí)際值與檢測值的相對(duì)偏差不超過4.0%;各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)的相對(duì)偏差不超過1.0%。田間試驗(yàn)表明油菜種子的播種量檢測相對(duì)偏差不超過8.0%,系統(tǒng)整體誤差較小,可為進(jìn)一步開展油菜精量播種作業(yè)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)研究提供參考。

    Abstract:

    A fiber counting type rapeseed precision seed metering device seed flow detection system was designed to solve the problem that the accuracy of seed flow detection was reduced as the speed of rapeseed precision seeding was increased. It consisted of an optical fiber counting sensor, a core control module, a step-down module, a wireless communication module, and a Web terminal. The seed flow detection mechanism of the optical fiber counting sensor was elucidated, as well as the particle kinematics theory was used to develop the contact kinematic model of the seed and seed tube, and the sensor's reaction time was also clarified. The voltage signal was created by blocking the optical fiber by sensing the falling seed flow via the optical fiber sensor while the system was operational. The signal was then depressurized, collected, transported through many modules, and integrated with the terminal for display and storage in real time. Huayouza 62 rapeseed seeds were chosen as the test material, and a six-degree space vibration table fitted with a pneumatic precision seed metering device served as the test platform. As test factors, vibration frequency, seed plate speed, and working negative pressure were used. The relative deviation of the coefficient of variation of the displacement consistency was used as the evaluation index, and sensor accuracy tests, detection system performance tests, and field tests were done. The results of the test indicated that the relative deviation of single and double-grain detection test results was no more than 3.67%;the relative deviation between the actual value of the seed quantity in each row and the detected value did not exceed 4.0%;and the relative deviation of the coefficient of variation of each row did not exceed 1.0%. The results of the field test indicated that the relative deviation of rapeseed detection did not exceed 8.0%. The overall error of the system was small, providing a technical basis for future research on the quality evaluation system of precision rapeseed seeding operations.

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張?zhí)?蔣樂,李兆東,謝瑞,王韋韋,陳永新.光纖計(jì)數(shù)式油菜精量排種器種子流檢測系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(1):64-74,145. ZHANG Tian, JIANG Le, LI Zhaodong, XIE Rui, WANG Weiwei, CHEN Yongxin. Seed Flow Detection System of Optical Fiber Counting Rapeseed Precision Metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):64-74,145.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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