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玉米青貯收獲機多參數(shù)檢測系統(tǒng)設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFB1709603)


Design and Experiment of Multi-parameter Detection System for Corn Silage Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對當前玉米青貯收獲機作業(yè)參數(shù)人工檢測效率低、自動檢測手段匱乏、檢測參數(shù)間相互獨立、難以支撐關聯(lián)分析等問題,設計了基于CAN總線和虛擬儀器的玉米青貯收獲機田間多參數(shù)檢測系統(tǒng)。該檢測系統(tǒng)由作業(yè)質(zhì)量檢測裝置、機械部件工況檢測裝置、液壓部件工況檢測裝置和上位機監(jiān)測軟件構成,可以實現(xiàn)發(fā)動機輸出轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩、割茬高度、收獲生產(chǎn)率、割臺工作轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩、切碎輥工作轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩、拋送風機工作轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩、行走部件轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩、喂入部液壓泵輸出流量與壓力等多種參數(shù)的系統(tǒng)性測量與綜合分析,并結合現(xiàn)行標準用于玉米青貯收獲作業(yè)的整機合格性評價。田間試驗結果表明,多參數(shù)檢測系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)玉米青貯收獲機作業(yè)參數(shù)的全面、動態(tài)、連續(xù)和穩(wěn)定測量。其中,扭矩參數(shù)靜態(tài)測量的最大相對誤差在±0.5%范圍內(nèi),空載工況下的試驗組間均值差異性不大于0.75N·m,試驗組內(nèi)重復性測量最大極差為1.28N·m,最大變異系數(shù)為0.012;收獲工況下的檢測數(shù)據(jù)與實際工況始終保持一致,可以準確獲取不同機器參數(shù)下的整機轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩動態(tài)變化趨勢;液壓流量參數(shù)測量的最大相對誤差為1.13%,額定作業(yè)工況下的相對誤差為0.53%;收獲生產(chǎn)率參數(shù)測量的模型回歸系數(shù)為0.89,平均相對誤差為11.1%;割茬高度參數(shù)測量的最大相對誤差為4.78%。玉米青貯收獲機作業(yè)性能綜合測試系統(tǒng)通信正常,數(shù)據(jù)采集穩(wěn)定可信,有效降低田間檢測復雜度,可為玉米青貯收獲機的參數(shù)在線檢測、適用性綜合評價與整機設計優(yōu)化等提供技術支持。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of the low efficiency of manual detection, the lack of automatic detection methods, the independence of the detection parameters and the difficulty of supporting correlation analysis in corn silage harvester, a multi-parameter data monitoring system for silage machines based on CAN bus and virtual instruments was designed. The monitoring system was composed of operation quality detection device, mechanical parts power detection device, hydraulic component power monitoring device and monitoring software, which can realize systematic measurement and comprehensive analysis of various parameters such as engine speed and torque, stubble retention height, harvesting efficiency, header part speed and torque, chopping roller speed and torque, throwing fan speed and torque, walking part speed and torque, feeding pump inlet and outlet pressure and hydraulic pipeline flow, etc. And the qualification evaluation of the whole machine can be realized under the current national standard. The field test results showed that the multiparameter test system can realize the comprehensive, dynamic, continuous and stable measurement of the operating parameters in the field, and the maximum relative error of torque parameters in the static measurement was not more than ±0.5%. The mean difference between the test groups was not more than 0.75N·m under no-load condition, while the maximum range of the repeatability measurement was 1.28N·m, and the maximum coefficient of variation was 0.012;the monitoring data was always consistent with the actual working conditions under harvesting condition, and the dynamic trend of torque and speed parameters for the whole machine can be accurately obtained under different harvest conditions;the maximum relative error of hydraulic flow parameter in the dynamic measurement was 1.13%, and the relative error was 0.53% under the rated operating conditions. The model regression coefficient of harvesting efficiency measurement was 0.89, while the average relative error was 11.1%. The maximum relative error of stubble height detection was 4.78%. In summary, the comprehensive test system for the corn silage harvester had a good performance communication, and the data collection was stable, accurate and credible, which can effectively reduce the complexity of field detection, and can provide technical support for the online parameters detection, the comprehensive applicability evaluation and the machine design optimization in corn silage harvester.

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汪鳳珠,趙博,劉陽春,毛文華,王吉中,姜含露.玉米青貯收獲機多參數(shù)檢測系統(tǒng)設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(1):127-136. WANG Fengzhu, ZHAO Bo, LIU Yangchun, MAO Wenhua, WANG Jizhong, JIANG Hanlu. Design and Experiment of Multi-parameter Detection System for Corn Silage Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):127-136.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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