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油菜直播機(jī)旋切式微壟種床制備裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000405)和財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(油菜)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Rotary-cut Micro-ridge Seedbed Device for Rapeseed Direct Seeding Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)長(zhǎng)江中下游油菜適播期持續(xù)干旱或降雨導(dǎo)致土壤含水率波動(dòng)大影響油菜成苗的實(shí)際情況,探究油菜農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合模式,提出一種旋耕碎土、兩側(cè)開(kāi)畦溝、廂面旋切微壟、微壟表面播種的油菜微壟直播工藝,設(shè)計(jì)一種油菜直播機(jī)旋切式微壟種床制備裝置。根據(jù)油菜直播株行距配置、根系生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn),結(jié)合壟作土壤水熱特性,確定微壟幾何尺寸;基于運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)解析腹板端點(diǎn)旋切土壤的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律和腹板滾動(dòng)包絡(luò)線,從結(jié)構(gòu)角度定性分析被動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程并確定回轉(zhuǎn)半徑、腹板數(shù)量、腹板頂角范圍;利用DEM-MBD耦合仿真,進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn)和正交旋轉(zhuǎn)回歸試驗(yàn),從土壤角度定量研究了腹板數(shù)量、腹板頂角、旋切深度、前進(jìn)速度對(duì)微壟成形的影響規(guī)律,并得到裝置腹板數(shù)量分別為6和8的較優(yōu)工作參數(shù)組合;田間試驗(yàn)使用Trimble TX8三維激光掃描儀重構(gòu)裝置作業(yè)后微壟廂面,與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果表明,腹板數(shù)量分別為6和8時(shí)較優(yōu)工作參數(shù)組合為:腹板頂角、旋切深度、有效溝深分別為28.00°、100mm、83.59mm和26.50°、92mm、64.26mm,田間試驗(yàn)微壟溝深和微壟距平均值為103.08、85.16mm和332.92、266.88mm,與仿真結(jié)果最大誤差為8.25%,微壟合格率分別為100%和90%。

    Abstract:

    A rotary-cut micro-ridge seedbed preparation device (RMSD) was designed to facilitate rapeseed direct seeding in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River region, where continuous rainfall and sunny days can cause significant fluctuations in soil moisture and affect seedling growth. The RMSD employs rolling boards that passively rotate and stack micro-ridges by cutting into the rotary-tilled soil as the machine moves forward, with grooves connecting to furrows on both sides. The geometric size of the micro-ridge was defined according to the row spacing configuration and root growth characteristics of direct rapeseed seeding, combined with soil water and ridge cultivation heat characteristics. Based on kinematics, the rolling board endpoint trace and the rolling board envelope were analyzed to determine the qualitative parameters in the structure terms. The results were that the number of rolling boards was 6~10, and the angle range of the rolling board was 0°~28°for further study. The DEM-MBD coupling simulation was conducted with the single factor test and the orthogonal rotation regression test to investigate and optimize the parameters of the RMSD (rolling board number, rolling board angle, and forward speed). The optimization results were as follows: when the rolling board of the RMSD was 6 and 8, respectively, and the rolling board angle, rotary cutting depth, and efficient groove depth were 28.00°, 100mm, 83.59mm and 26.50°, 92mm and 64.26mm, respectively. The field test used the Trimble TX8 3D laser scanner to reconstruct the micro-ridge surface after RMSD operation and compared it with the simulation results. The field test showed the maximum deviations of actual depth and micro-ridge distance were 8.25%, and the qualified rates of micro-ridge were 100% and 90%, respectively, under the optimal parameter combination of 6 and 8 rolling boards. The research result can provide a reference for the structural improvement of the rapeseed bed preparation device.

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李蒙良,廖慶喜,裴立民,廖宜濤,王磊,張青松.油菜直播機(jī)旋切式微壟種床制備裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(5):47-58,90. LI Mengliang, LIAO Qingxi, EI Limin, LIAO Yitao, WANG Lei, ZHANG Qingsong. Design and Experiment of Rotary-cut Micro-ridge Seedbed Device for Rapeseed Direct Seeding Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(5):47-58,90.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-10
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