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蔬菜移栽機(jī)栽植靜軌跡可調(diào)式鴨嘴栽植裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2001800)和國(guó)有資本金項(xiàng)目(GZ202001)


Design and Experiment of Duckbill Planting Device with Adjustable Static Trajectory for Planting Vegetable Transplanters
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    摘要:

    蔬菜移栽機(jī)在膜上移栽時(shí),只能在較小的范圍內(nèi)調(diào)整株距,以保證較小栽植穴口,株距過大會(huì)造成栽植器前移撕膜,過小會(huì)導(dǎo)致栽植器后移帶膜,形成較大穴口,影響幼苗后期生長(zhǎng),為此設(shè)計(jì)一套栽植靜軌跡無級(jí)可調(diào)的往復(fù)式鴨嘴栽植裝置。在分析栽植裝置結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、工作過程及調(diào)整構(gòu)件尺寸參數(shù)和安裝參數(shù)以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同株距較小穴口栽植原理的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一套栽植靜軌跡無級(jí)可調(diào)的栽植機(jī)構(gòu)及其栽植方法。通過建立機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,開發(fā)了可視化輔助設(shè)計(jì)軟件,分析了各參數(shù)對(duì)栽植特性的影響,使用逐步逼近法確定了一組滿足要求的參數(shù):L1=35mm、L2=350mm、L3=70mm、L5=280mm、dD=358mm、Φ4=15°、xB=20mm,標(biāo)定了株距每間隔50mm對(duì)應(yīng)的支點(diǎn)B縱坐標(biāo)yB的位置。根據(jù)機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合設(shè)計(jì)了鴨嘴栽植裝置并建立了三維模型,進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真,驗(yàn)證了鴨嘴栽植裝置結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。開展了實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣機(jī)試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:栽植株距在100~600mm之間,栽植合格率大于90%,株距變異系數(shù)小于6%,穴口長(zhǎng)度均小于100mm,其中株距100mm時(shí)平均穴口長(zhǎng)度為52.26mm,栽植效果良好,可以滿足不同株距小穴口的栽植要求。

    Abstract:

    When transplanting on the film, the vegetable transplanter can only adjust the plant spacing in a small range to ensure a smaller planting hole opening, if the plant spacing is too large, it will cause the planters to move forward and tear the film, if the plant spacing is too small, it will cause the planters to move backward with the film, these will make the planting hole opening too large, and will affect the later growth of seedlings, for this reason a set of reciprocating duckbill planting device with steplessly adjustable planting static trajectory was designed. A set of planting mechanism with steplessly adjustable planting trajectory and its planting method were proposed based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the planting device, the working process and the principle of adjusting the size parameters of the components and the installation parameters to realize the planting of smaller holes with different plant spacings. By establishing a veridical kinematic model of the mechanism, developing visual aided design software, analyzing the influence of each parameter on the planting characteristics, and using the stepwise approximation method to determine a set of parameters that met the requirements as follows:L1=35mm, L2=350mm, L3=70mm, L5=280mm, dD=358mm, Φ4=15°, xB=20mm. The position of the longitudinal coordinate yB of the pivot point B corresponding to every 50mm interval between the plants was marked. The duckbill planting device was designed and modelled in 3D according to the combination of mechanism parameters, and kinematic simulations were carried out to verify the feasibility of the duckbill planting device. Laboratory prototype tests were carried out and the results showed that the planting pass rate was greater than 90% at plant spacings between 100mm and 600mm, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 6% and the hole size was less than 100mm, with an average hole size of 52.26mm at plant spacing of 100mm.

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顏華,劉沖,李鵬斌,陳榮文,周海燕,莊騰飛.蔬菜移栽機(jī)栽植靜軌跡可調(diào)式鴨嘴栽植裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(5):71-81. YAN Hua, LIU Chong, LI Pengbin, CHEN Rongwen, ZHOU Haiyan, ZHUANG Tengfei. Design and Experiment of Duckbill Planting Device with Adjustable Static Trajectory for Planting Vegetable Transplanters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(5):71-81.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-10
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