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玉米籽粒直收機夾帶損失檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000601)和中國機械工業(yè)集團有限公司重大科技專項(ZDZX2020-2)


Design and Test of Entrainment Loss Detection System for Corn Kernel Direct Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對目前玉米籽粒直收機籽粒損失檢測系統(tǒng)缺乏檢測夾帶損失技術(shù)的問題,設(shè)計了基于嵌入式單片機的玉米籽粒直收機夾帶損失檢測系統(tǒng)。該檢測系統(tǒng)包括損失檢測傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集器和數(shù)據(jù)顯示終端,可以同時監(jiān)測收獲機的清選損失和夾帶損失,實時反饋收獲機的收獲損失速率以及損失量。通過模態(tài)仿真軟件對不同材料、不同厚度的監(jiān)測板進行有限元分析,選擇厚0.5mm的不銹鋼板作為監(jiān)測板;運用Multisim對濾波器性能進行仿真分析;設(shè)計基于STM32系列單片機的自適應(yīng)限時濾波算法,可以有效抑制谷物撞擊引起的的余振干擾。在試驗臺架上,對不同大小的玉米籽粒、雜余以及玉米穗進行標(biāo)定試驗,獲取信號特征;經(jīng)裝機試驗表明,玉米籽粒夾帶損失檢測結(jié)果最大誤差為9.96%,平均誤差約為6.52%,損失速率變化趨勢反饋及時,能夠輔助工作人員進行作業(yè)決策。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the lack of entrainment loss detection technology in the current domestic corn kernel direct harvester kernel loss detection system, a corn kernel direct harvester entrainment loss detection system based on an embedded single-chip microcomputer was designed. The detection system included a loss detection sensor, a data collector and a data display terminal, which can monitor the cleaning loss and entrainment loss of the harvester at the same time, and feedback the harvesting loss rate and loss amount of the harvester in real time. The finite element analysis of monitoring boards of different materials and thicknesses was carried out through modal simulation software, and a 0.5mm thick 304 stainless steel plate was selected as the monitoring board;domestic EDA software was used to design signal processing circuits, including voltage followers and Butterworth filters, Multisim was used to simulate and analyze the performance of circuit;an adaptive time-limited filtering algorithm was designed based on the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer, which can effectively suppress the aftershock interference caused by the impact of grains and improve the accuracy of the sensor. On the test bench, under different conditions, the calibration test was carried out on corn kernels, residues and corn ears of different sizes to obtain signal characteristics;the installation test showed that the maximum error of the detection result of corn kernel entrainment loss was 9.96%, and the average error was about 6.52%, and the loss rate change trend feedback was timely, which can assist the staff in making operation decisions.

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劉陽春,李明輝,王吉中,馮林,汪鳳珠,何曉寧.玉米籽粒直收機夾帶損失檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(5):140-149. LIU Yangchun, LI Minghui, WANG Jizhong, FENG Lin, WANG Fengzhu, HE Xiaoning. Design and Test of Entrainment Loss Detection System for Corn Kernel Direct Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(5):140-149.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-10
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