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帶式玉米高速導(dǎo)種裝置旋夾納種機(jī)理分析與參數(shù)優(yōu)化
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52275246)、黑龍江省“百千萬(wàn)”工程科技重大專項(xiàng)支撐行動(dòng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2020ZX17B01-3)和黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新科研項(xiàng)目(YJSCX2022-Z02)


Mechanism Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Corn Seeds Receiving by Rotating Clamp of Belt-type High-speed Seed Guiding Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米在高速(12~16km/h)播種時(shí)籽粒脫離種盤初速度大,與帶式導(dǎo)種裝置種腔內(nèi)壁碰撞彈跳,發(fā)生碰撞異位,導(dǎo)致籽粒進(jìn)入種腔精準(zhǔn)度低等問(wèn)題,以具有納種機(jī)構(gòu)的帶式玉米高速導(dǎo)種裝置為研究對(duì)象,建立籽粒夾取、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和排放動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,提出在撥指表面添加人字形紋路的改進(jìn)方法,明確影響納種穩(wěn)定性與籽粒進(jìn)入種腔精準(zhǔn)度的主要因素。利用高速攝像與圖像目標(biāo)追蹤技術(shù)進(jìn)行單因素對(duì)比試驗(yàn)及多因素優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)。單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,播種速度較快時(shí),有人字形紋路撥指輪納種合格指數(shù)和種腔間隔變異系數(shù)均明顯優(yōu)于無(wú)人字形紋路撥指輪。為獲得撥指輪改進(jìn)后的納種機(jī)構(gòu)最佳性能參數(shù),以輪心距、撥指輪轉(zhuǎn)速及撥指長(zhǎng)度為試驗(yàn)因素,以納種合格指數(shù)與種腔間隔變異系數(shù)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行三因素五水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法,確定當(dāng)輪心距為36.8mm,撥指輪轉(zhuǎn)速為584.97r/min,撥指長(zhǎng)度為10.8mm時(shí),納種合格指數(shù)為98.23%,種腔間隔變異系數(shù)為0.24%。對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致。在相同條件下進(jìn)行臺(tái)架對(duì)比試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,有帶式玉米高速導(dǎo)種裝置的作業(yè)性能遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于不安裝帶式玉米高速導(dǎo)種裝置的作業(yè)性能。

    Abstract:

    When corn is sown at high speed (12~16km/h), the initial speed of the seeds leaving the dish is high, and the seeds collide with the seed cavity wall of the belt-type seed guide device, resulting in collision and dislocation, which leads to the low precision of the seeds entering the seed cavity. The belt-type high-speed corn seed guide device with seed receiving mechanism was taken as the research object, and the dynamic model of clamping, transportation, and discharge of the seeds was established. The main factors that affect the seed receiving stability and the precision of the seeds entering the seed cavity were identified, and the improvement method of adding herringbone lines on the surface of the finger was put forward. Single-factor comparison tests and multi-factor optimization tests were carried out by using high-speed camera and image target tracking technology. The single factor test showed that the seed acceptance index and variation coefficient of seed cavity spacing of the finger wheel with improved herringbone lines were obviously better than those of the finger wheel without herringbone lines when the sowing speed was fast. In order to obtain the best performance parameters of the improved seeding mechanism, taking the wheel center distance, the rotation speed of the finger wheel, and the finger length as test factors and the qualified index of seed acceptance and the variation of seed cavity spacing as evaluation indexes, a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test with three factors and five levels was carried out. By using the multi-objective optimization method, it was determined that when the wheel center distance was 36.8mm, the rotating speed of the finger wheel was 584.97r/min, and the finger length was 10.8mm, the qualified index of seed acceptance was 98.23%, and the coefficient of variation of seed cavity spacing was 0.24%. The optimization results were verified, and the verification results were basically consistent with the optimization results. Under the same conditions, the bench comparison test showed that the sowing performance with a high-speed seed guide device was better than that without high-speed seed guide device.

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馬成成,衣淑娟,陶桂香,李衣菲,陳濤,劉漢武.帶式玉米高速導(dǎo)種裝置旋夾納種機(jī)理分析與參數(shù)優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(7):134-143. MA Chengcheng, YI Shujuan, TAO Guixiang, LI Yifei, CHEN Tao, LIU Hanwu. Mechanism Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Corn Seeds Receiving by Rotating Clamp of Belt-type High-speed Seed Guiding Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(7):134-143.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-10
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