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棚內(nèi)微咸水覆膜滴灌下帶間土壤水鹽分布特征模擬
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52109068)、中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(2022M712690)、江蘇省博士后科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021K220B)和揚(yáng)州市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(YZU202101)


Simulation of Soil Water and Salt Distribution Characteristics within Area between Drip Tapes under Mulched Brackish Water Drip Irrigation in Greenhouses
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    摘要:

    微咸水覆膜滴灌在發(fā)揮節(jié)水效益的同時(shí)應(yīng)避免土壤鹽分的積聚,在缺乏大水淋洗的設(shè)施大棚內(nèi),覆膜對(duì)土表局部蒸發(fā)的抑制伴隨滴灌濕潤(rùn)體的交匯,加劇了滴灌帶帶間水鹽分布的不規(guī)則性,導(dǎo)致土壤積鹽的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,以布設(shè)形式為“兩膜兩行”的覆膜滴灌田間小區(qū)為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,通過(guò)HYDRUS模型構(gòu)建了不同滴頭流量(0.5~3.0L/h)及膜間裸地間距(0~50cm)組合情景下的二維土壤剖面模擬域,并針對(duì)滴頭處的帶間區(qū)域進(jìn)行水鹽動(dòng)態(tài)分布的模擬研究。結(jié)果表明,所建模型能較為精確地描述帶間剖面內(nèi)水鹽的分布狀況,且模擬精度隨與滴頭水平距離的減小而提升。當(dāng)膜間裸地間距從50cm縮小至0cm時(shí),帶間剖面土壤的平均含水率從25.12cm3/cm3上升至28.76cm3/cm3,平均土壤鹽分質(zhì)量濃度從9.53g/L下降至6.25g/L;滴頭流量對(duì)帶間區(qū)域內(nèi)土壤水鹽含量的影響程度相對(duì)較低,流量0.5、3.0L/h下土壤體積含水率及鹽分質(zhì)量濃度的最大差異僅分別為0.14cm3/cm3和0.22g/L,且均出現(xiàn)在膜間裸地間距為50cm的情景下。經(jīng)多輪灌水蒸發(fā)后,帶外區(qū)積聚的鹽分將向帶間區(qū)擴(kuò)散,并隨膜間裸地間距的減小,土壤含鹽量最低值的水平位置將從滴頭處向帶間區(qū)推移。研究成果可為設(shè)施大棚環(huán)境下選取適宜的低鹽作物栽種位置提供理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Film-mulched drip irrigation with brackish water should avoid soil salt accumulation to maximize the benefits of water-saving. However, soil leaching by rainfall or flood irrigation is lack under greenhouses condition, the partial inhibition of surface evaporation by film mulching combined with the wetted volume intersection due to double-point source drip irrigation exacerbates the irregularity of water and salt distribution in the area between drip tapes (ABDT), which is not conducive to the effective implementation of salt control measures. Therefore, taking the field experimental plot of mulched drip irrigation with the layout of “two films and two rows” as the research object, and using the HYDRUS-2D model to simulate the dynamic distributions of soil water and salt in ABDT based on the two-dimensional simulation domains considering different drip discharge fluxes (0.5~3.0L/h) and bare soil spacing between films (0~50cm). The results indicated that the established model can accurately describe the water and salt distribution in ABDT, and reducing the horizontal distance from the emitter could obtain a high simulation accuracy. As the bare land between the films was decreased from 50cm to 0cm, the average moisture content of the soil in ABDT was increased from 25.12cm3/cm3 to 28.76cm3/cm3, and the average soil solute concentration in ABDT was decreased from 9.53g/L to 6.25g/L. The effect of drip discharge fluxes on soil water-salt distribution in ABDT was relatively low, the maximum differences in soil volume moisture content and salt mass concentration between treatments with discharge fluxes of 0.5h/L and 3.0h/L were only 0.14cm3/cm3 and 0.22g/L, respectively, and both occurred in the bare soil spacing between films of 50cm. Additionally, after long-term dry-wet alternation, salt accumulated on the outside of the drip belt might diffuse inward to ABDT, and with the decrease of bare soil spacing between films, the horizontal position of the lowest soil salinity would move from the location of dripper to ABDT. Findings of this research can provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable low-salinity planting locations for crop cultivation in greenhouse condition.

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陸培榕,邢瑋麟,楊玉杰,劉文龍,羅紈.棚內(nèi)微咸水覆膜滴灌下帶間土壤水鹽分布特征模擬[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(7):360-371. LU Peirong, XING Weilin, YANG Yujie, LIU Wenlong, LUO Wan. Simulation of Soil Water and Salt Distribution Characteristics within Area between Drip Tapes under Mulched Brackish Water Drip Irrigation in Greenhouses[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(7):360-371.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-10
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