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水土保持耕作對黑土玉米氮素利用與溫室氣體排放影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD1500802)和東農(nóng)學(xué)者計(jì)劃學(xué)術(shù)骨干項(xiàng)目(21XG18)


Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Tillage on Nitrogen Utilization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Maize in Black Soil
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    摘要:

    為探明不同水土保持耕作技術(shù)對東北黑土坡耕地玉米氮素利用和溫室氣體排放的影響,以大田試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)置7個(gè)耕作處理:等高耕作(Transverse slope planting, TP)、壟向區(qū)田(Ridge to the district field, RF)、深松耕(Subsoiling tillage, SF)、等高耕作+深松耕(Transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage, TP-S)、壟向區(qū)田+深松耕(Ridge to the district field+subsoiling tillage, RF-S)、等高耕作+壟向區(qū)田(Transverse slope planting+ridge to the district field,TP-R)、常規(guī)耕作(Down-slope cultivation, CK),探究水土保持耕作技術(shù)對東北黑土坡耕地土壤養(yǎng)分狀況、溫室氣體排放、氮素吸收利用和產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:在玉米全生育期內(nèi),水土保持耕作處理顯著提高了玉米產(chǎn)量、器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率以及氮肥利用率,部分水土保持耕作措施也可以顯著降低N2O與CO2排放。其中,玉米成熟期時(shí),實(shí)施水土保持耕作措施的植株產(chǎn)量較CK處理增加3.39%~26.43%,TP-S處理提升效果最高。對于氮肥利用率,水土保持耕作技術(shù)較CK處理提高25.23%(RF處理)~76.98%(TP-S處理),提升效果顯著。對于CO2排放,除SF處理外,其余水土保持耕作處理均顯著低于CK處理。但對于N2O排放,TP處理、 TP-S處理和TP-R處理顯著低于CK,而SF處理、RF處理以及RF-S處理較CK處理則明顯增加。故綜合來看,建議當(dāng)?shù)赜衩追N植采取等高耕作+深松耕的水土保持耕作技術(shù)。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of different soil and water conservation tillage techniques on nitrogen utilization and greenhouse gas emissions in sloping farmland of black soil in Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted. Seven tillage treatments were set up: transverse slope planting ( TP ), ridge to the district field ( RF ), subsoiling tillage ( SF ), transverse slope planting + subsoiling tillage (TP-S), ridge to the district field + subsoiling tillage (RF-S), transverse slope planting + ridge to the district field (TP-R), and down-slope cultivation (CK). Explore the effects of soil and water conservation tillage techniques on soil nutrient status, greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen absorption and utilization, and yield of black soil slope farmland in Northeast China. The results showed that during the whole growth period of maize, soil and water conservation tillage treatment significantly increased maize yield, organ nitrogen transport rate and nitrogen use efficiency, and some soil and water conservation tillage measures could also significantly reduce N2O and CO2 emissions. Among them, at the maturity stage of maize, the plant yield of soil and water conservation tillage measures were increased by 3.39%~26.43% compared with that of CK treatment, and TP-S treatment had the highest improvement effect. For nitrogen use efficiency, soil and water conservation tillage technology were increased by 25.23% (RF treatment ) ~ 76.98% (TP-S treatment) compared with CK treatment, and the improvement effect was significant. For CO2 emissions, except for SF treatment, the remaining soil and water conservation tillage treatments were significantly lower than that of CK treatment. However, for N2O emissions, TP treatment, TP-S treatment and TP-R treatment were significantly lower than that of CK, while SF treatment, RF treatment and RF-S treatment were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. Therefore, it was suggested that the local maize planting should adopt the soil and water conservation tillage technology of transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage.

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齊智娟,李驁,張忠學(xué),余佩哲,尹致皓,宋芳.水土保持耕作對黑土玉米氮素利用與溫室氣體排放影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(9):365-373. QI Zhijuan, LI Ao, ZHANG Zhongxue, YU Peizhe, YIN Zhihao, SONG Fang. Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Tillage on Nitrogen Utilization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Maize in Black Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):365-373.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-10
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