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水鹽脅迫下老化生物炭對溫室氣體與玉米生長的影響
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFD1900401)和甘肅省科技計劃項目(21JR7RH897)


Effect of Aged Biochar on Greenhouse Gases and Maize Growth under Water and Salt Stress
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    摘要:

    為揭示不同灌水量和灌水鹽分下老化生物炭對溫室氣體排放與玉米生長的影響,設(shè)置2個生物炭水平:0t/hm2(B0)、60t/hm2(B1),2個灌溉水含鹽量:0.71g/L(S0)和4.0g/L(S1),2個灌溉水平:充分灌溉(W1)和虧缺灌溉(W2,1/2 W1),于2022年4—9月在甘肅武威綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)高效用水國家野外科學觀測研究站進行了春玉米田間試驗。結(jié)果表明,虧缺灌溉相較于充分灌溉CO2累積排放量減少24.13%~52.68%,但二者的N2O排放沒有顯著差異。微咸水灌溉導致CO2和N2O累積排放量分別增加9.06%~24.79%、9.95%~18.03%。在4種灌溉處理下,老化生物炭使CO2和N2O累積排放量分別減小7.33%~18.78%和21.14%~29.76%。不同處理間的CH4排放無顯著影響。虧缺和微咸水灌溉抑制了作物的生長;老化生物炭顯著提高了春玉米生物量,總體增加7.86%~25.82%,但其對W1S0、W1S1、W2S0處理下玉米產(chǎn)量增產(chǎn)效果并不顯著,且W2S1處理下玉米產(chǎn)量顯著降低。同一灌溉水平下,微咸水灌溉增加了全球增溫潛勢,而利用老化生物炭和虧缺灌溉會降低全球增溫潛勢。微咸水和虧缺灌溉顯著降低了農(nóng)田土壤炭收益,分別減小17.70%~65.36%和37.30%~71.96%。不同灌溉處理下,老化生物炭均顯著增加了農(nóng)田土壤炭收益,增加15.86%~33.52%??傮w上在W1S0、W1S1和W2S0處理下施用老化生物炭小幅提高了玉米產(chǎn)量,大幅降低了全球增溫潛勢和促進了農(nóng)田凈碳收益,因此在這3種灌溉方式下,老化生物炭施用可增加當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟和環(huán)境效益。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the effects of aged biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and maize growth under different irrigation amounts and water salinities, two biochar addition rates: 0t/hm2(B0), 60t/hm2(B1), two irrigation water salinities: 0.71g/L(S0) and 4.0g/L(S1), and two irrigation levels of full irrigation (W1) and deficit irrigation (W2,1/2 W1) were set and the field experiment of spring corn was conducted at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province from April to September 2022. The results showed that the cumulative CO2 emission of deficit irrigation was decreased by 24.13%~52.68% compared with that of full irrigation. However, there was no significant difference in N2O emissions between the two irrigation levels. The cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O were increased by 9.06%~24.79% and 9.95%~18.03% respectively, due to brackish water irrigation. Under the four irrigation treatments, aged biochar decreased the accumulated emissions of CO2 and N2O by 7.33%~18.78% and 21.14%~29.76%, respectively. There was no significant impact on CH4 emissions among different treatments. Deficit and brackish water irrigation inhibited the growth of crops. Aged biochar significantly increased the biomass of spring maize by 7.86%~25.82%, but its effect on the yield of maize under W1S0, W1S1 and W2S0 treatments was not significant, and the yield of maize under W2S1 treatment was significantly reduced. At the same irrigation level, brackish water irrigation increased the global warming potential, while using aged biochar and deficit irrigation reduced it. Brackish water and deficit irrigation significantly reduced soil carbon budget by 17.70%~65.36% and 37.30%~71.96%, respectively. Under different irrigation treatments, aged biochar significantly increased the carbon sink of farmland with a value of 15.86%~33.52%. In general, the application of aged biochar under W1S0, W1S1 and W2S0 treatments had slightly increased the maize yield, significantly reduced the global warming potential and promoted the net carbon income of farmland. Therefore, under these three irrigation methods, the application of aged biochar would increase the local economic and environmental benefits.

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佟玲,戴永輝,陳陽,王璐,劉麗平.水鹽脅迫下老化生物炭對溫室氣體與玉米生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(9):386-395. TONG Ling, DAI Yonghui, CHEN Yang, WANG Lu, LIU Liping. Effect of Aged Biochar on Greenhouse Gases and Maize Growth under Water and Salt Stress[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):386-395.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-10
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