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灌水技術(shù)參數(shù)對(duì)覆膜制種玉米生長(zhǎng)與蒸騰耗水的影響
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD1900401)


Effect of Irrigation Technical Parameters on Growth and Transpiration and Water Consumption of Seed Maize under Film
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    摘要:

    科學(xué)高效的灌溉管理是提高水分生產(chǎn)力的關(guān)鍵。針對(duì)覆膜前后土壤水熱條件有明顯差異,灌水參數(shù)如何影響作物生長(zhǎng)與耗水尚不明確的問(wèn)題,本研究以制種玉米為研究對(duì)象在甘肅武威綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)高效用水國(guó)家野外科學(xué)觀測(cè)研究站進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)。設(shè)計(jì)3種滴頭流量D1(2.0L/h)、D2(2.5L/h)、D3(3.0L/h),5種灌水間隔時(shí)間P1(6d)、P2(8d)、P3(10d)、P4(12d)、P5(14d),探究灌溉方案對(duì)覆膜制種玉米生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量和蒸騰耗水的影響。結(jié)果表明滴頭流量較大和灌水間隔時(shí)間較小時(shí)制種玉米株高與葉面積指數(shù)表現(xiàn)更好。D1處理下,隨灌水間隔時(shí)間增加株高和葉面積指數(shù)呈先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),在P2取得最大值。籽粒產(chǎn)量與灌水間隔時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)顯著的二次函數(shù)關(guān)系,D1、D3處理下最大值均出現(xiàn)在P2。灌水間隔時(shí)間為6~10d時(shí)D2可以獲得最高的產(chǎn)量。單株日尺度液流速率與小時(shí)尺度液流速率均隨滴頭流量增大而增加,隨灌水間隔時(shí)間增加而減小。D3處理小時(shí)尺度液流速率峰值比D2、D1處理分別增加85.88%~127.02%、117.80%~151.89%。灌水間隔時(shí)間由P1增加到P5時(shí),小時(shí)尺度液流速率峰值降低23.56%~31.48%。制種玉米蒸騰量隨滴頭流量增大而增加。一定范圍內(nèi)(P1~P4),增加灌水間隔時(shí)間顯著降低了全生育期耗水量。灌水間隔時(shí)間不大于10d時(shí),D2耗水量最低,比D1降低1.86%~4.14%,且獲得更高的水分生產(chǎn)力。D1、D2處理均在P2處理獲得最高水分生產(chǎn)力。為實(shí)現(xiàn)高效節(jié)水,滴頭流量為2.5L/h (D2)、灌水間隔時(shí)間為8~10d是適宜干旱地區(qū)覆膜制種玉米的較優(yōu)灌水方案,而灌水間隔時(shí)間為6~8d時(shí)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的產(chǎn)量和水分生產(chǎn)力。

    Abstract:

    Scientific and efficient irrigation management is the key to improving water productivity. To address the problem that there are significant differences in soil water and heat conditions before and after mulching, and it is still unclear how irrigation parameters affect crop growth and water consumption, field experiments were conducted at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, using seed maize as the research object. Three dripper discharges D1 (2.0L/h), D2 (2.5L/h), D3 (3.0L/h), and five irrigation intervals P1 (6d), P2 (8d), P3 (10d), P4 (12d), P5 (14d) were designed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management schemes on the growth, yield, transpiration, and water consumption of seed maize. The results showed that higher dripper discharges and shorter irrigation intervals were more favorable for the growth and leaf area index of seed maize. Under D1 treatments, plant height, and leaf area index were increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation interval, and reached the maximum value at P2. The grain yield showed a significant quadratic relationship with the irrigation interval, and the maximum values under D1 and D3 appeared in P2. When the irrigation interval was 6~10d, the highest yield was obtained under the D2 dripper discharge. The daily-scale and hourly-scale liquid flow rates of seed maize single-plant were increased with the increase of dripper discharge and decreased with the increase of irrigation interval. The peak value of the hourly liquid flow rate in D3 treatment was increased by 85.88%~127.02% and 117.80%~151.89% compared with that in D2 and D1, respectively. When the irrigation interval was increased from P1 to P5, the peak value of the hourly liquid flow rate was decreased by 23.56%~31.48%. The transpiration of seed maize was increased with the increase of dripper discharge. Within a certain range (P1 to P4), increasing the irrigation interval significantly reduced the water consumption of seed maize throughout the growth period. At irrigation intervals not greater than P3, D2 had the lowest water consumption, which was 1.86%~4.14% lower than that of D1, and higher water productivity was obtained. The highest water productivity was obtained at P2 treatment for both D1 and D2 dripper discharge. The results showed that the dripper discharge of 2.5L/h (D2) and the irrigation interval of 8~10d were the optimal irrigation scheme for seed maize under film in dry areas for efficient water conservation, while a higher yield and water productivity could be achieved with an irrigation interval of 6~8d.

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馬士萌,佟玲,王素芬,趙引,馬冬青,李德智.灌水技術(shù)參數(shù)對(duì)覆膜制種玉米生長(zhǎng)與蒸騰耗水的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(9):396-406,438. MA Shimeng, TONG Ling, WANG Sufen, ZHAO Yin, MA Dongqing, LI Dezhi. Effect of Irrigation Technical Parameters on Growth and Transpiration and Water Consumption of Seed Maize under Film[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):396-406,438.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-10
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