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氣力離心組合式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(重大科技創(chuàng)新工程)項(xiàng)目(2021CXG010813、2022CXGC020703)、山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(科技示范工程)項(xiàng)目(2022SFGC0203)、山東省自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(ZR2022ME045)和山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(CXGC2022A31)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Centrifugal Combined Precision Seed Metering Device for Wheat
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)小麥播種以無(wú)序種流、不定量排出的方式存在脈動(dòng)性高、均勻性差的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣力離心組合式小麥精量排種器,采用氣力充種和離心清種的方式,種子有序均勻排出。對(duì)排種器的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),建立充種和排種過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,確定充種角和落種角的初始范圍。利用氣固耦合仿真分析方法DEM-CFD進(jìn)行排種器單因素試驗(yàn),仿真結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)充種角范圍進(jìn)一步縮小為36°~56°時(shí),其攜種性能較好;落種角范圍進(jìn)一步縮小為43°~63°時(shí),其排種性能較好。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以充種角、落種角、排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗(yàn)因素,以漏播率、重播率、直線落種率為響應(yīng)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)充種角為47.75°、落種角為52.48°、轉(zhuǎn)速為635.5r/min時(shí),排種器工作性能最優(yōu),此時(shí),漏播率為2.78%、重播率為3.73%、直線落種率為93.46%,驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)設(shè)置排種盤型孔內(nèi)側(cè)面充種角為47.8°、下側(cè)面落種角為52.5°、排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速在552~800r/min范圍內(nèi)時(shí),漏播率低于8.9%、重播率低于4.3%、排種合格率高于88.6%,符合小麥精量播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of high pulsation and poor uniformity for the wheat seeding method with disorderly seed flow and variable discharge, a pneumatic centrifugal combined precision seed metering device for wheat was designed. The pneumatic seed filling and centrifugal seed cleaning method were used in the seeder to make seeds in an orderly and uniformly flow. The key parameters were designed firstly. Then, the kinematics of the seed filling and seed dropping processes were modeled and the initial range of filling and dropping angles were determined. Finally, the orthogonal rotational combination test was conducted by using the gas-solid coupled simulation method DEM-CFD. The results showed that when the seed filling angle range was further reduced to 36°~56°, the seeder had better seed carrying performance. Meanwhile, when the seed dropping angle range was further reduced to 43°~63°, the seeder had better discharge performance. On the basis of that, a laboratory test was carried out. The seed filling angle, seed dropping angle and seed disc speed were taken as the test factors and the missed seeding rate, replay rate and straight line seed drop rate were taken as the indexes. The results showed that the seeder had a good performance when the seed filling angle was 47.75°, the seed dropping angle was 52.48°, and the rotational speed was 635.5r/min. At this time, the rate of missed seeding rate was 2.78%, the replay rate was 3.73% and the straight line seed drop rate was 93.46%. The results of the validation tests were in general agreement with the optimization results. The field test results showed that when the seed filling angle of the inner side of the seed tray was 47.8° and the seed drop angle of the lower side was 52.5°, and the speed of the seed tray was in the range of 552~800r/min, the sowing leakage rate was lower than 8.9%, the reseeding rate was lower than 4.3%, and the seeding pass rate was higher than 88.6%, which met the requirements of precision sowing of wheat. 

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侯加林,馬端旭,李慧,張智龍,周紀(jì)磊,史嵩.氣力離心組合式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(10):35-45. HOU Jialin, MA Duanxu, LI Hui, ZHANG Zhilong, ZHOU Jilei, SHI Song. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Centrifugal Combined Precision Seed Metering Device for Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(10):35-45.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-13
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