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高低輥組合式鮮食玉米柔性剝皮裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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安徽省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(202104a06020001)


Design and Test of Longitudinal Axial Flow High and Low Roller Type Fresh Corn Flexible Peeling Device
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    摘要:

    針對我國鮮食玉米收獲過程中剝皮裝備機(jī)械工作效率低、剝皮損壞率高等問題,在現(xiàn)有剝皮裝置結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了一種“柔性分段輥型+螺旋調(diào)節(jié)架”組合式和橡膠頻率振動板相匹配的柔性剝皮裝置。根據(jù)鮮食玉米物理特性,對鮮食玉米剝皮過程進(jìn)行力學(xué)與運(yùn)動學(xué)分析,確定了影響剝皮性能的主要因素,并對該剝皮裝置進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及參數(shù)分析。運(yùn)用ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYDA模塊對鮮食玉米果穗剝皮過程進(jìn)行仿真,根據(jù)理論分析和仿真結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)了剝皮樣機(jī),開展了剝皮試驗(yàn)。為獲得樣機(jī)最佳試驗(yàn)物料,以果穗長度、果穗直徑、果穗含水率作為試驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),確定長度為260~280mm、直徑為64~66mm、含水率為66.5%~69%的果穗作為剝皮機(jī)正交試驗(yàn)物料的樣品。利用Design-Expert軟件設(shè)計(jì)三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),以剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速、剝皮輥傾角和振動板振動頻率作為試驗(yàn)因素,以苞葉剝凈率、籽粒破損率作為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:對苞葉剝凈率和籽粒破損率影響由大到小均為剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速、剝皮輥傾角、振動板振動頻率;最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速478.72r/min、剝皮輥傾角8.05°、振動板振動頻率259.20次/min,此時苞葉剝凈率為92.41%,籽粒破損率為1.47%。在該條件下根據(jù)實(shí)際工況開展驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),得到苞葉剝凈率、籽粒破損率分別為91.75%、1.55%,與參數(shù)優(yōu)化基本一致,滿足鮮食玉米剝皮要求。該研究可為鮮食玉米剝皮裝備的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和選擇提供技術(shù)支持。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of low mechanical efficiency and high peeling damage rate of peeling equipment in the harvesting process of fresh corn in China, based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the existing peeling device, a flexible peeling device with the combination of “flexible segmented roller type + spiral adjusting frame” and rubber frequency vibration plate matching was designed. According to the physical characteristics of fresh corn, the peeling process of fresh corn was analyzed mechanically and kinematically, the main factors affecting the peeling performance were determined, and the structural design and parameter analysis of the peeling device was carried out. ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYDA module was used to simulate the peeling process of fresh corn ear, and a peeling prototype was fabricated according to the theoretical analysis and simulation results, and the peeling test was carried out. In order to obtain the best test material for the prototype, a single-factor test was conducted with cob length, ear diameter and ear water content as test factors, and ears with length of 260~280mm, diameter of 64~66mm, and water content of 66.5%~69% were determined as samples for the orthogonal test material of the peeling machine. Design-Expert software was used to design a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test, with peeling roller speed, peeling roller inclination angle and vibrating plate vibration frequency as test factors, and bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate as test indicators. The results showed that the impact on bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate from large to small were peeling roller speed, peeling roller inclination angle, frequency vibration plate; the optimal combination of parameters: peeling roller speed of 478.72r/min, peeling roller inclination angle of 8.05°, vibrating plate vibration frequency of 259.20 times/min, at this time, the bract peeling rate was 92.41%, and the grain breaking rate was 1.47%. Under this condition, the verification test was carried out according to the actual working conditions, and the bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate were 91.75% and 1.55%, respectively, which were basically consistent with the parameter optimization and met the requirements of fresh corn peeling. The research result can provide technical support for the optimal design and selection of fresh corn peeling equipment. 

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陳舜,易克傳,張新偉,姜春霞,王晴晴,黃鑫.高低輥組合式鮮食玉米柔性剝皮裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(s2):30-42. CHEN Shun, YI Kechuan, ZHANG Xinwei, JIANG Chunxia, WANG Qingqing, HUANG Xin. Design and Test of Longitudinal Axial Flow High and Low Roller Type Fresh Corn Flexible Peeling Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s2):30-42.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-08-29
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