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水平棚架式梨樹多旋翼無人機液體授粉試驗
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國家梨產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項資金項目(CARS-28)和江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項目(CX(22)2025)


Experiment on Liquid Pollination of Pear Tree with Horizontal Scaffolding Based on Multi-rotor UAV
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    摘要:

    針對我國梨樹授粉用工量大、作業(yè)效率低等問題,基于液體授粉技術(shù),以水平棚架式栽培的梨樹為研究對象,開展多旋翼無人機液體授粉試驗,探究多旋翼無人機單位面積液體噴施量、飛行高度及授粉方式等對霧滴沉積分布及授粉效果的影響。試驗結(jié)果表明多旋翼無人機液體噴霧授粉作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,霧滴沉積分布組內(nèi)變異系數(shù)不超過20%;霧滴覆蓋率及霧滴覆蓋密度均與噴施量呈正相關(guān),當(dāng)液體噴施量為6mL/m2時,飛行高度的變化對霧滴沉積分布影響顯著,飛行高度為4m時,霧滴覆蓋率及覆蓋密度分別為7.06%、84.77個/cm2,花朵坐果率為49.70%,花序坐果率為85.83%,較自然授粉分別提高91%及43%。當(dāng)花粉液體噴施量為4.5、6mL/m2時,無人機液體授粉與自然授粉花序坐果率差異顯著,且無人機液體授粉與背負(fù)式噴霧器授粉花序坐果率無顯著差異,花序坐果率可達(dá)80%以上。研究結(jié)果表明,無人機液體授粉作業(yè)時霧滴覆蓋率及覆蓋密度越高,對提升花朵坐果率、花序坐果率作用越顯著,當(dāng)無人機飛行高度為4m、花粉液體噴施量為4.5mL/m2時為較優(yōu)的無人機液體授粉參數(shù)組合。

    Abstract:

    The pollination of pear trees in China requires a large amount of labor and low efficiency. Based on the liquid pollination technology, the liquid pollination experiment of multi-rotor UAV was carried out with horizontal scaffoled pear trees as the research object. The effects of liquid spraying amount per unit area, flight height and pollination mode on droplet deposition distribution and pollination effect of multi-rotor UAV were investigated. The experimental results showed that the performance of liquid spray pollination operation of multi-rotor UAV was stable, and the variation coefficient in groups of droplet deposition distribution was less than 20%. Droplet coverage and droplet coverage density were positively correlated with the spraying amount. When the liquid spraying amount was 6mL/m2, the change of flight height had a significant effect on the droplet deposition distribution. When the flight altitude was 4m, the coverage and coverage density of droplets were 7.06% and 84.77 droplets/cm2, respectively. The fruit setting rate of liquid pollinated flowers and inflorescence were 49.70% and 85.83%, respectively, which were 91% and 43% higher than that of natural pollination. When the amount of liquid pollination was 4.5mL/m2 and 6mL/m2, the fruit setting rate of the UAV liquid pollination was significantly different from that of the natural pollination inflorescence. Meawhile, there was no significant difference between the UAV liquid pollination and the backpack sprayer pollination inflorescence fruit setting rate, which could reach more than 80%. The above results showed that the higher the coverage and density of droplets were, the higher the fruit setting rate of flowers and inflorescences was. The optimal combination of UAV liquid pollination parameters was obtained when the UAV flying height was 4m and the pollen liquid spraying amount was 4.5mL/m2. The research result can provide theoretical guidance and data support for the optimization of liquid pollination operation parameters of multi-rotor UAV.

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徐陶,李雪,祁雁楠,曾錦,呂曉蘭.水平棚架式梨樹多旋翼無人機液體授粉試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(s2):136-141. XU Tao, LI Xue, QI Yannan, ZENG Jin, Lü Xiaolan. Experiment on Liquid Pollination of Pear Tree with Horizontal Scaffolding Based on Multi-rotor UAV[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s2):136-141.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-01
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