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玉米大豆兼用腔盤組合孔式排種盤設(shè)計(jì)與充種性能試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52275229)和安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(1908085MC91)


Design and Seed Filling Performance Test of Cavity Plate Combination Hole Type Seeding Plate for Corn and Soybean
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米大豆帶狀復(fù)合種植條件下傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械式排種器不易實(shí)現(xiàn)二者兼用精量排種要求、現(xiàn)有氣力式排種器排種速度提高因型孔漏充存在漏播斷條等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有腔盤組合孔結(jié)構(gòu)的排種盤,分析確定了排種盤關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),構(gòu)建了吸附過(guò)程和吸運(yùn)過(guò)程力學(xué)模型。應(yīng)用EDEM離散元仿真與臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行了排種盤型式優(yōu)選試驗(yàn),結(jié)果得出:腔盤組合孔式排種盤具有提高充種室種群定向運(yùn)移平均速度和增大拖拽充種角的作用,有效抑制了型孔漏充率。以安裝優(yōu)選種盤的玉豆兼用排種器為對(duì)象,以機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度和工作負(fù)壓為試驗(yàn)因素,以漏充率和充種合格率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),采用二因素全因子試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)展了充種性能試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為4.0~7.0km/h、工作負(fù)壓在3.0~4.0kPa時(shí),玉米和大豆種子漏充率均小于3.6%、充種合格率均不小于96%。田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,在機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為4.0~7.0km/h、工作負(fù)壓為3.0~4.0kPa條件下,腔盤組合孔式排種盤的排種器播種玉米和大豆漏充率分別不大于3.8%、4.2%;當(dāng)工作負(fù)壓為3.0kPa、機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為7.0km/h時(shí),自擾動(dòng)腔盤組合孔式排種盤相比無(wú)擾動(dòng)平面排種盤,播種玉米和大豆漏充率分別下降14.8、12.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

    Abstract:

    For corn and soybean belt compound planting conditions under the traditional mechanical seed metering device is not easy to realize both precision seed discharge requirements, the existing pneumatic seed metering device seed discharge speed due to leakage of holes leakage charging exists leakage sowing broken stripes and other issues, a cavity plate combined hole structure of the seeding plate was designed and analyzed to determine the key structural parameters of the seeding plate, and the adsorption process and suction and transportation process mechanics model was constructed. EDEM discrete element simulation and bench test were combined to carry out the seeding plate type selection test, and the results concluded that the cavity plate combined hole seeding plate had the effect of improving the average speed of directional transport of seed populations in the seed filling chamber and increasing the dragging angle of seed filling, which effectively suppressed the leakage rate of the hole. With the installation of the preferred seed plate of the jade and soybean hybrid seed metering device as the object, with the unit forward speed and negative pressure as the test factors, with the leakage rate and the seed filling rate as the test indexes, the two-factor full factorial experimental design was done to carry out the seed filling performance test, and the results showed that when the unit forward speed was 4.0~7.0km/h, the work of the negative pressure was 3.0~4.0kPa, the leakage rate of maize and soybean seeds was less than 3.6%, and the qualified rate of seed filling was not less than 96%. Field verification test showed that under the conditions of unit forward speed of 4.0~7.0km/h and working negative pressure of 3.0~4.0kPa, the leakage rate of corn and soybean seeds sown by the seed metering device of cavity plate combination hole-type seed metering device was no more than 3.8% and 4.2%, respectively. When the working negative pressure was 3.0kPa and the forward speed of the unit was 7.0km/h, the leakage rate of sowing corn and soybeans was decreased by 14.8 and 12.6 percentage points, respectively, compared with that of the undisturbed flat seeding plate with the combination of holes in the self-disturbing cavity plate.

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任定林,劉濤,夏守浩,陳永新,王韋韋,李兆東.玉米大豆兼用腔盤組合孔式排種盤設(shè)計(jì)與充種性能試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(2):73-89. REN Dinglin, LIU Tao, XIA Shouhao, CHEN Yongxin, WANG Weiwei, LI Zhaodong. Design and Seed Filling Performance Test of Cavity Plate Combination Hole Type Seeding Plate for Corn and Soybean[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):73-89.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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