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基于農(nóng)藥噴施溯源的精準(zhǔn)變量噴藥監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFD1000105-4)、國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(32372573)和中國博士后科學(xué)基金面上項目(2023M740312)


Design and Test of Precision Variable-rate Spray Monitoring and Control System Based on Pesticide Spraying Traceability
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有大田精準(zhǔn)施藥系統(tǒng)主要以藥量變量控制為主,缺乏農(nóng)藥噴施作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測與溯源管理等問題,本文設(shè)計了基于農(nóng)藥噴施溯源的精準(zhǔn)變量噴藥監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥精準(zhǔn)變量噴施,作業(yè)地塊、作業(yè)時間、作業(yè)面積、農(nóng)藥種類與配比、噴施藥量、噴霧壓力、實(shí)時流量和作業(yè)速度等信息的在線監(jiān)測、實(shí)時顯示和溯源管理。基于該系統(tǒng)分別開展了施藥量計算精度、作業(yè)面積計算精度、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸穩(wěn)定性、變量調(diào)控系統(tǒng)動態(tài)響應(yīng)、變量調(diào)控精度和農(nóng)藥噴施均勻性等試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,北斗定位測速最大誤差為1.33%,平均誤差為0.82%,施藥量計算誤差為1.73%,作業(yè)面積計算誤差為2.61%,數(shù)據(jù)丟失率為3.51%;速度連續(xù)變化下系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)時間為4~5s;不同設(shè)定施藥量和作業(yè)速度下,變量調(diào)控精度誤差為2.45%;霧滴沉積點(diǎn)密度大于20滴/cm2下,在噴霧機(jī)行走和噴霧方向上的噴霧覆蓋率變異系數(shù)均小于10%,滿足精準(zhǔn)變量作業(yè)要求。本研究可在實(shí)現(xiàn)藥量變量調(diào)控下對農(nóng)藥噴施數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行溯源管理,為后續(xù)開展大田作物農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險評估提供支撐。

    Abstract:

    The existing field spraying system mainly control spray volume by the variable-rate technology, which is lack of pesticide spraying data remote monitoring and traceability management. A precision variable-rate monitoring and control system was designed based on pesticide spraying traceability. The system can realize precision variable-rate spraying, on-line monitor and real-time display different spray information, including spray plot, spray time, spray area, type and ratio of pesticide, spray volume, spray pressure, real-time spray flow and spray speed, which can be used to pesticide spraying traceability management. Based on the system, the tests of spray volume calculation accuracy, spray area calculation accuracy, data transmission stability of Internet of things, dynamic response of variable-rate control system, variable control precision and pesticide spraying uniformity were carried out respectively. The test results showed that the maximum error of Beidou positioning speed measurement was 1.33% and the mean error was 0.82%, the calculation error of spray volume was 1.73%, the calculation error of spray area was 2.61%, the data loss rate was 3.51%, the system stability adjustment time under continuous speed change was 4~5s, the variable-rate regulation accuracy was 245%, the density of droplet deposition was greater than 20 drops/cm2, and the variation coefficient of spray coverage in sprayer walking and spray direction was less than 10%, which met the operation requirements of precision variable-rate spray. The research can realize the traceability management of the pesticide spraying data under the precision variable-rate adjustment of spray volume, and provide support for the pesticide residue risk assessment in field crops.

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翟長遠(yuǎn),張焱龍,鄒偉,宋健,韓長杰,竇漢杰.基于農(nóng)藥噴施溯源的精準(zhǔn)變量噴藥監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2024,55(2):160-169. ZHAI Changyuan, ZHANG Yanlong, ZOU Wei, SONG Jian, HAN Changjie, DOU Hanjie. Design and Test of Precision Variable-rate Spray Monitoring and Control System Based on Pesticide Spraying Traceability[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):160-169.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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