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基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5的復(fù)雜環(huán)境下桑樹枝干識別定位方法
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宜賓市雙城協(xié)議保障科研經(jīng)費(fèi)科技項(xiàng)目(XNDX2022020015)、重慶市杰出青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2022NSCQ-JQX0030)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(SWU-XDJH202302、SWUS23099)


Mulberry Branch Identification and Location Method Based on Improved YOLO v5 in Complex Environment
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜自然環(huán)境下對桑樹嫩葉處枝干的識別檢測,改變當(dāng)前桑葉采摘設(shè)備作業(yè)過程中依賴人工輔助定位的現(xiàn)狀,解決識別目標(biāo)姿態(tài)多樣和環(huán)境復(fù)雜導(dǎo)致的低識別率問題,提出一種基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5模型的桑樹枝干識別模型(YOLO v5-mulberry),并結(jié)合深度相機(jī)構(gòu)建定位系統(tǒng)。首先,在YOLO v5的骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)中加入CBAM(Convolutional block attention module)注意力機(jī)制,提高神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對桑樹枝干的關(guān)注度;并增加小目標(biāo)層使模型可檢測4像素×4像素的目標(biāo),提高了模型檢測小目標(biāo)的性能;同時(shí)使用GIoU損失函數(shù)替換原始網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的IoU損失函數(shù),有效防止了預(yù)測框和真實(shí)框尺寸較小時(shí)無法正確反映預(yù)測框及真實(shí)框之間位置關(guān)系的情況;隨后,完成深度圖和彩色圖的像素對齊,通過坐標(biāo)系轉(zhuǎn)換獲取桑樹枝干三維坐標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:YOLO v5-mulberry檢測模型的平均精度均值為94.2%,較原模型提高16.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn),置信度也提高12.1%;模型室外檢測時(shí)應(yīng)檢測目標(biāo)數(shù)53,實(shí)際檢測目標(biāo)數(shù)為48,檢測率為90.57%;桑樹嫩葉處枝干三維坐標(biāo)識別定位系統(tǒng)的定位誤差為(9.4985mm,11.285mm,19.11mm),滿足使用要求。該研究可實(shí)現(xiàn)桑樹嫩葉處枝干的識別與定位,有助于推動(dòng)桑葉智能化采摘機(jī)器人研究。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the recognition and detection of branches at the young leaves of mulberry trees in complex natural environments, overcome the current situation of relying on manual assisted positioning in the operation process of mulberry leaf harvesting equipment, and improve the problem of low recognition rate caused by diverse target postures and complex environments, a mulberry branch and trunk recognition model was proposed based on the improved YOLO v5 model (YOLO v5-mulberry) and combined it with the depth camera to construct a location system. Firstly, convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanism was added to the backbone network of YOLO v5 to improve the neural network’s attention to the mulberry branches;and a small target layer was added to enable the model to detect 4pixels×4pixels targets, which improved the model’s performance in detecting small targets. At the same time, the GIoU loss function was used to replace the IoU loss function in the original network, which effectively prevented the position relationship between the prediction box and the real box from being correctly reflected when the size of the prediction box and the real box was small. Subsequently, the pixel alignment of the depth map and the color map was completed, and the 3D coordinates of the mulberry tree trunk were obtained through the conversion of the coordinate system. The test results showed that the average accuracy of YOLO v5-mulberry detection model was 94.2%, which was 16.9 percentage points higher than that of the original model, and the confidence level was also 12.1% higher;the number of targets that should be detected by the model outdoor detection was 53, and the number of actually detected targets was 48, and the detection efficiency was 90.57%;the positioning error of the three-dimensional coordinate recognition and location system of the mulberry branch and trunk at the tender leaves was (9.4985mm,11.285mm,19.11mm), which met the requirements for use. The research result can achieve the recognition and positioning of branches and trunks at the tender leaves of mulberry trees, which can help to further promote the research, development and application of intelligent mulberry leaf picking robots.

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李麗,盧世博,任浩,徐剛,周永忠.基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5的復(fù)雜環(huán)境下桑樹枝干識別定位方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(2):249-257. LI Li, LU Shibo, REN Hao, XU Gang, ZHOU Yongzhong. Mulberry Branch Identification and Location Method Based on Improved YOLO v5 in Complex Environment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):249-257.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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