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分層近根式液體糞肥施肥鏟設(shè)計與試驗
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中國科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略先導(dǎo)技術(shù)專項(XDA28130202)


Design and Experiment of Layered Near-root Liquid Manure Fertilization Shovel
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    摘要:

    針對當前液體糞肥施肥鏟存在的施肥不均勻、近根施肥難、作業(yè)功能單一等問題,從提高肥效、降低排放、提升性能角度出發(fā),設(shè)計了一種分層近根、基施追施一體的液體糞肥施肥鏟,設(shè)計了施肥器和避障器等關(guān)鍵部件,采用EDEM離散元法構(gòu)建施肥鏟-土壤力學(xué)仿真模型,優(yōu)化追施過程施肥鏟側(cè)向排肥管參數(shù),搭建施肥鏟性能測試平臺,采用清水模擬方式,開展了施肥鏟分層施肥和近根施肥效果試驗,結(jié)果表明:當施肥鏟側(cè)向排肥管后傾角為15°、側(cè)向排肥管刃角為18°時,施肥鏟基肥作業(yè)阻力最??;采用分層施肥方式時,當施肥鏟作業(yè)速度為3km/h、排肥量為5L/s時,肥料在土壤中縱向擴散深度為235mm,較改進前單口排肥方式,縱向覆蓋范圍提升65%;采用近根施肥模式時,當施肥鏟作業(yè)速度為1.2km/h、排肥量為3L/s時,約80%的肥料分布在距作物根部中心100mm半徑范圍內(nèi),較好地實現(xiàn)了近根施肥。

    Abstract:

    In response to the current issues of the uneven application, difficulty in near-root application, limited operational functionality in liquid manure fertilizer shovel, a layered near-root and basic application of the liquid manure fertilizer shovel tracking the integration of the fertilizer was designed from the perspective of improving fertilizer efficiency,reducing emissions, and improving the performance. Fertilizer, obstacle avoidance device and other key components were developed. The fertilizer shovel-soil mechanics simulation model was designed by using EDEM discrete elements to optimize the parameters of the lateral discharge pipe of the fertilizer shovel during the follow-up application process, and to build the performance test platform of the fertilizer shovel. Fertilizer shovel layered fertilization and the effect of near-root fertilization were tested by clear water simulation method. The results showed that when the backward inclination angle of the lateral discharge pipe of the fertilizer shovel was 15°,and the cutting edge angle of the lateral discharge pipe was 18°,the resistance of fertilizer shovel basal fertilizer operation was the minimal. With the layered fertilizer application,when the operating speed of the fertilizer shovel was 3km/h and the discharge volume was 5L/s,the longitudinal spreading depth of the fertilizer in the soil was 235mm,which was 65% higher than that of the pre-improvement single-port fertilizer discharge method.When the fertilizer shovel was operated at a speed of 1.2km/h and a discharge rate of 3L/s, the fertilizer was distributed within a radius of 100mm from the center of the crop root by about 80% effectively achieving near-root fertilization.

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程紅勝,張澤涵,沈玉君,丁京濤,孟海波,周海賓,王娟,徐鵬翔.分層近根式液體糞肥施肥鏟設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(5):98-107. CHENG Hongsheng, ZHANG Zehan, SHEN Yujun, DING Jingtao, MENG Haibo, ZHOU Haibin, WANG Juan, XU Pengxiang. Design and Experiment of Layered Near-root Liquid Manure Fertilization Shovel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):98-107.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-10-10
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