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高速精量播種機阿基米德螺線型弧面雙齒盤覆土裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000404、2021YFD2000405)


Design and Experiment of Archimedean Spiral-type Arc Double-toothed Disc Soil-covering Device for High-speed Precision Planter
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有重型精量播種機在高速作業(yè)時存在覆土裝置影響播種均勻性、種溝內(nèi)種子被“架空”等問題,基于阿基米德螺線切刃曲線與擠壓式覆土原理相結(jié)合的思路,設(shè)計了一種阿基米德螺線型弧面雙齒盤覆土裝置,實現(xiàn)了覆土厚度適宜且均勻一致,降低覆土作業(yè)對播種均勻性影響的目的。本研究對覆土裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、覆土量進行分析,確定了影響覆土效果的主要參數(shù)取值范圍;利用EDEM離散元仿真技術(shù)建立了覆土裝置-種子-土壤間的離散元模型,對關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進行仿真優(yōu)化,確定弧面雙齒盤的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合;通過田間試驗對該裝置的作業(yè)性能進行了驗證。研究結(jié)果表明:影響弧面雙齒盤作業(yè)性能的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為阿基米德螺線型弧面雙齒盤的中心間距、安裝傾角、入土深度。當弧面雙齒盤的中心間距為142.6mm、安裝傾角為20°、入土深度為55mm時,該裝置通過性能良好,覆土厚度均勻一致,平均厚度為47mm,合格粒距標準差、變異系數(shù)與空白對照組分別相差0.22mm、1.81個百分點,對播種均勻性影響小,滿足精量播種的農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the existing heavy-duty precision planter soil-covering device at high speed, there are problems such as high impact on seed spacing uniformity, seed being overhead, etc., the proposed combination of Archimedean spiral-type and extruded soil cover technical ideas, an Archimedean spiral-type arc double-toothed disc soil-covering device was designed, to achieve suitable and uniform mulch thickness and reduce the impact of mulching operations on seed spacing uniformity. The structural parameters of the mulching device and the amount of mulch were analyzed, and the range of values of the main parameters affecting the effect of mulching was determined;the simulation and optimization analyses of the designed components were carried out by using EDEM software to determine the optimal parameter combinations of the arc double-toothed disc;and the operational performance of the device was verified through field experiments. The results showed that the main structural parameters affecting the operational performance of the arc double-toothed disc were the center distance, installation inclination, and embedded depth of the arc double-toothed disc. When the center distance of the arc double-toothed disc was 142.6mm, the installation inclination was 20°, and embedded depth was 55mm, the device passed well with suitable and uniform mulch thickness, the average mulch thickness was 47mm, and the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of qualified spacing differed from the blank control group by 0.22mm and 1.81 percentage points, which was a small influence on the uniformity of sowing and met the agronomic requirements of precision sowing.

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劉芳,高筱鈞,賈憲,黃玉祥,張崇勤.高速精量播種機阿基米德螺線型弧面雙齒盤覆土裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(6):91-100,120. LIU Fang, GAO Xiaojun, JIA Xian, HUANG Yuxiang, ZHANG Chongqin. Design and Experiment of Archimedean Spiral-type Arc Double-toothed Disc Soil-covering Device for High-speed Precision Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(6):91-100,120.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-06-10
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