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花生機(jī)械化收獲裝備與技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-13)


Research Progress on Mechanized Harvesting Equipment and Technology for Peanuts
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    花生收獲季節(jié)性強(qiáng),人工作業(yè)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高,效率低,收獲損失大,花生生產(chǎn)需要依靠成熟的機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)。中國(guó)的花生收獲機(jī)械化水平在花生機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)中處于較低水平,嚴(yán)重制約了中國(guó)花生機(jī)械化水平的整體提高。本文在闡述花生收獲作業(yè)模式為聯(lián)合收獲作業(yè)模式、兩段式收獲作業(yè)模式和三段式收獲作業(yè)模式的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)中國(guó)花生機(jī)械化收獲的挖掘裝置和摘果裝置進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)歸納總結(jié),并闡述了輸送鏈?zhǔn)交ㄉ斋@機(jī)、條鋪式花生收獲機(jī)、挖掘翻秧花生收獲機(jī)、半喂入和全喂入式花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)的性能和特點(diǎn)。同時(shí),分析了美國(guó)花生機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù),并對(duì)印度花生收獲機(jī)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)述。最后,在總結(jié)花生機(jī)械化收獲裝備特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了中國(guó)花生收獲機(jī)械存在的問題,并對(duì)未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了展望。指出花生機(jī)械化收獲裝備將進(jìn)入以智能化、精細(xì)化、高效化為主導(dǎo)的新階段。

    Abstract:

    Peanut harvesting is mainly characterized by strong seasonality, high labor intensity, low efficiency, and large harvesting losses. Therefore, peanut production needs mature mechanized harvesting technology. The mechanization level of China’s peanut harvest in the peanut production process is relatively low, significantly hindering the overall advancement of mechanization in China’s peanut industry. A systematic summary was provided based on three peanut harvesting operation modes (combined harvesting operation mode, two-stage harvesting operation mode, and three-stage harvesting operation mode). The study focused on the digging device and fruit-picking device utilized in China’s mechanized peanut harvesting. The performance and characteristics of various peanut harvesters were elaborated, including the conveyor chain peanut harvester, strip spreading peanut harvester, digging and tilling peanut harvester, as well as semi-feeding and full-feeding peanut combine harvester. Simultaneously, an analysis of mechanized peanut harvesting technology in the United States was carried out, accompanied by a brief description of the Indian peanut harvester. The characteristics of peanut mechanized harvesting equipment were summarized, providing insights into the challenges faced by peanut harvesting machinery in China. The analysis suggested that the future of peanut mechanization in China was poised to enter a new stage characterized by intelligence, refinement, and enhanced efficiency.

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申海洋,羅偉文,吳峰,顧峰瑋,楊紅光,胡志超.花生機(jī)械化收獲裝備與技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(8):21-38. SHEN Haiyang, LUO Weiwen, WU Feng, GU Fengwei, YANG Hongguang, HU Zhichao. Research Progress on Mechanized Harvesting Equipment and Technology for Peanuts[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(8):21-38.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-08-10
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