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谷子穴播機勺鏈式導種裝置設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(52275246)


Design and Test of Spoon Chain Seed Guide Device for Grain Hole Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對谷子播種時在導種管內彈跳嚴重,導致谷子落地后成穴性差的問題,設計了一種谷子穴播機勺鏈式導種裝置。其工作原理為通過約束種子運移軌跡提高其落地后成穴性,對關鍵零部件進行了設計,對納種與投種過程進行了運動分析,確定了影響導種性能的重要因素。為獲得最佳參數組合,分別以圓形勺、方形勺、方形平嘴勺3種種勺型式和ABS、橡膠、亞克力3種材料為因素進行單因素試驗,試驗結果表明方形平嘴勺和橡膠材料效果最佳。在此基礎上,以納種角度、納種高度和鏈輪轉速為納種試驗因素,以納種合格率為評價指標;以投種高度、投種角度和鏈輪轉速為投種試驗因素,以穴徑合格率、穴粒數合格率及穴距變異系數為投種評價指標,通過EDEM離散元仿真軟件分別進行納種過程與投種過程的三因素五水平二次正交旋轉組合仿真試驗。納種過程最佳參數組合為:納種角度45.95°、納種高度74.05mm、鏈輪轉速1.76r/s;投種過程最佳參數組合為:投種角度53.51°、投種高度25.96mm、鏈輪轉速1.98r/s。為進一步驗證導種裝置性能,在最佳參數組合下進行臺架驗證試驗與對比試驗,驗證試驗中納種合格率為95.53%、穴徑合格率為93.29%、穴粒數合格率為94.73%、穴距變異系數為7.46%,臺架驗證試驗結果與仿真試驗結果基本一致,相對差值均小于5%;對比試驗結果表明,安裝勺鏈式導種裝置的播種效果明顯優(yōu)于安裝導種管的播種效果,穴徑合格率、穴粒數合格率、穴距變異系數最大可提高2.75、3.43、3.25個百分點。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that grains bounce badly in the seed guide tube when sowing, resulting in poor hole formation after landing, a spoon chain seed guide device for grain hole seeder was designed. Its working principle was to improve the hole formation after landing by restraining the seed transport trajectory, the key components were designed, the motion analyses were carried out on the seed storage and seed casting process, and the important factors affecting the performance of the seed guide were determined. In order to obtain the best combination of parameters, three types of spoons, namely, round spoon, square spoon and square flat spoon, and three types of materials, namely, ABS, rubber and acrylic, were used as factors in the one-way test, and the test results showed that the square flat spoon and the rubber material were the most effective. On this basis, the angle of incorporation of seeds, height of incorporation seed and sprocket speed were taken as the incorporation of seed test factors, and the seeding qualification rate was taken as the evaluation index;the seeding height, seeding angle and sprocket speed were taken as the seeding test factors, and the qualification rate of hole diameter, qualification rate of the number of holes and the coefficient of variation of hole spacing were taken as the seeding evaluation indexes, and the three-factor, five-level quadratic rotational combination test was carried out for the seeding and the seeding process through the EDEM discrete element simulation software, respectively.The optimal parameter combinations for the seed-retention process were seed-retention angle of 45.95°, seed-retention height of 74.05mm, and sprocket rotational speed of 1.76r/s;and the optimal parameter combinations for the seed-introduction process were seed-introduction angle of 53.51°, seed-introduction height of 25.96mm, and sprocket rotational speed of 1.98r/s. In order to further validate the performance of seed-guiding device, bench-top validation test and comparative test were carried out under the optimal parameter combinations. In the test, the seed qualification rate was 95.53%, the hole diameter qualification rate was 93.29%, the hole number qualification rate was 94.73%, and the coefficient of variation of hole spacing was 7.46%, and the results of the bench validation test were basically the same as those of the simulation test, with the relative differences being less than 5%;and the results of the comparative test showed that the sowing effect of the installation of the spoon chain seed-guiding device was significantly better than that of the installation of the seed-guiding tube, and the hole diameter qualification rate. The qualified rate of hole diameter, qualified rate of hole number and coefficient of variation of hole spacing can be improved by 2.75, 3.43 and 3.25 percentage points.

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衣淑娟,孫亭瀚,陳濤,李衣菲,李怡凱.谷子穴播機勺鏈式導種裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(8):39-52. YI Shujuan, SUN Tinghan, CHEN Tao, LI Yifei, LI Yikai. Design and Test of Spoon Chain Seed Guide Device for Grain Hole Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(8):39-52.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-08-10
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