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油菜薹對行自走式收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD1600502)、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)、中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(2662023GXQD001)和湖北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2023AFB852)


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Six-row Harvester for Oilseed Rape Shoot
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    摘要:

    針對我國雙低油菜“油蔬兩用”多功能開發(fā)與利用過程中,油菜薹人工收獲效率低、成本高且機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)與裝備缺乏等問題,提出了集低茬雙動切割、柔性夾持輸送、拋送鋪放、橫向輸送、集箱等環(huán)節(jié)的油菜薹機(jī)械化對行收獲工藝方案,并在分析油菜薹種植農(nóng)藝與機(jī)械化收獲要求的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了油菜薹對行自走式收獲機(jī)。闡述了整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,開展了切割裝置、夾持輸送裝置、橫向輸送裝置等關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與理論分析,結(jié)合油菜薹沿輸送路徑遷移的幾何與運(yùn)動學(xué)條件確定了收獲機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與工作參數(shù)。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)?shù)稒C(jī)速比系數(shù)為0.8、夾持輸送速度為0.37m/s、橫向輸送速度為0.5m/s時(shí),收獲作業(yè)過程中無漏割,夾持輸送成功率為93.69%、作業(yè)損傷率為7.4%、作業(yè)生產(chǎn)率達(dá)0.17hm2/h,收獲機(jī)各關(guān)鍵部件運(yùn)行較穩(wěn)定,可一次性實(shí)現(xiàn)切割、夾持輸送、橫向輸送、集箱等工序,各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)滿足油菜薹機(jī)械化收獲作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Oilseed-vegetable-dual-purpose is the technology increasing to harvest shoot on the premise of rapeseed, as fresh vegetable, can effectively improve the benefit of rape. However, manual harvesting is inefficient and costly, and lacking of mechanized harvesting technology and equipment. Therefore, a mechanized row harvesting process plan was proposed, which included reciprocating cutting, clamping-transporting, throwing-placing, cross transporting and collecting. Further, a self-propelled six-row harvester was developed on the basis of the agronomic and mechanized harvesting requirements of oilseed rape shoot. The structure and working principle of the harvester were elaborated, and the key components such as cutting device, clamping and conveying device and cross transporting device were designed based on the theoretical analysis. In addition, the main structural and working parameters of the harvester were determined based on the geometric and kinematic conditions of the oilseed rape shoot migration along the transporting path.Field test results showed that when the speed ratio coefficient of the cutter machine and the harvester was 0.8, the clamping-transporting speed was 0.37m/s, the speed of the cross belt was 0.5m/s, the success rate of cutting was 100%, during the harvesting operation, and the clamping-transporting success rate was 93.69%, the operation damage rate was 7.4%, and the rate of production was 0.17hm2/h;moreover, the key components of the harvester operated stably, and the harvester can complete the processes such as cutting, clamping-transporting, cross transporting and colleting at one time, and performance indicators met the requirements for mechanized harvesting for oilseed rape shoot. The research results can provide ways for the design and improvement of mechanized harvesting equipment for stem and leafy vegetables.

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單伊尹,廖慶喜,萬星宇,袁佳誠,陳磊,廖宜濤.油菜薹對行自走式收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(8):93-104. SHAN Yiyin, LIAO Qingxi, WAN Xingyu, YUAN Jiacheng, CHEN Lei, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Six-row Harvester for Oilseed Rape Shoot[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(8):93-104.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-16
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